Travel refers to the maximum distance a bicycle suspension fork or rear shock can compress when hitting a bump. It is measured in millimeters and tells you how much cushioning the bike provides for the rider on rough trails. More travel allows the bike to absorb larger impacts and drops without the suspension bottoming out or feeling harsh. For example, a cross-country bike might have one hundred millimeters of travel for efficiency on smoother forest paths. A dedicated downhill bike will have twice that amount to handle the massive hits found on steep mountain courses. I find that choosing the right amount of travel depends entirely on the type of terrain you plan to ride. Too much travel can make a bike feel heavy and slow to pedal on flat roads or during climbs. Too little travel might leave you feeling battered and sore after a long day of riding over rocky terrain. Modern suspension lets you tune this movement to match your weight and your personal riding style. It is what makes off-road cycling comfortable and fast.
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