Judo

Yusei-Gachi is a victory awarded by the decision of the judges. This happens when the match ends with no clear winning score. The referee and judges evaluate which player was more aggressive. They also consider the number of attacks and technical skill shown. One game example involves a winner named after a scoreless match. This […]

Zarei is the formal kneeling bow used to show deep respect. This action occurs at the beginning and end of formal practice. Players sit on their heels with a straight back and posture. The upper body bends forward until the forehead is near mat. This gesture signifies the appreciation for the teacher and the art.

Yoko-Wakare is a side separation throw performed as a sacrifice move. The attacker slides both feet past the feet of the defender. A sudden drop to the side pulls the opponent over. This action forces the defender to fall onto the mat surface. One game example involves a player scoring by dropping under the defender.

Yuko was a moderate score previously used in competitive judo matches. This point was awarded for a throw that lacked total control. It also resulted from a pin lasting at least ten seconds. Modern rules have since removed this score to simplify the system. One game example shows a player leading after a minor throw.

Yoko-Tomoe-Gaeshi is a counter technique used against a side circle throw. The defender feels the attacker starting to fall for a sacrifice. Instead of being thrown, the defender shifts the weight and rotates. A sudden movement allows the defender to reverse the attacking player. One game example shows a player scoring after an opponent fails.

Yoko-Tomoe-Nage is a side circle throw performed by falling onto the back. The attacker places one foot on the hip of the defender. Falling backward and to the side pulls the opponent over. This motion uses the leg as a prop to launch them. One game example involves a player throwing an opponent for a

Yoko-Sutemi-Waza is the category of side sacrifice throws used in judo matches. The attacker falls onto their side to launch the opponent forward. This momentum carries the defender over the body of the falling player. These moves require great commitment because the attacker hits the mat first. One game example involves a player using a

Yoko-Otoshi is a side drop throw that targets the balance. The attacker slides one leg past the foot of the defender. A sudden drop to the side pulls the opponent over. This action forces the defender to fall onto the mat surface. One game example involves a player scoring by dropping under defender. This technique

Yoko-Shiho-Gaeshi describes a reversal technique used to escape a side four-corner pin. The defender starts on the bottom while the opponent holds the torso. This maneuver uses the momentum of the attacker to flip the position. The player reaches over the back to secure the belt or fabric. A sudden bridge and roll movement shifts

Yoko-Shiho-Gatame is a side four-corner hold-down performed from a perpendicular position. The attacker lies across the chest of the defender from the side. One arm wraps under the neck while the other goes between legs. This position pins the back of the defender against the floor surface. The player keeps the chest low to eliminate

Yoko-Gake is a side hook throw performed as a sacrifice move. The attacker slides a foot to hook the ankle of defender. A sudden fall to the side pulls the opponent onto mat. This action uses the body weight to ensure a successful trip. One game example involves a player scoring by dropping onto side.

Yoko-Guruma is a side wheel throw executed by rolling the body. The attacker drops to the side while placing a leg across. This motion creates a pivot that wheels the opponent over top. Both players fall to the mat together during the throwing action. One game example involves a player scoring after a failed attack.

Yama-Arashi is a mountain storm throw that uses a specific grip. The attacker grabs the lapel and the sleeve on one side. A powerful reaping motion of the leg combined with a pull follows. This action tosses the opponent over the hip in a circle. One game example involves a player scoring a point with

Waki-Gatame is an arm lock applied using the armpit for leverage. The attacker traps the arm of the defender under the side. Pulling the wrist while leaning the weight onto the elbow creates tension. This pressure forces the opponent to submit during the ground fight. One game example involves a player catching an arm during

Waza-Ari is a high score awarded for a nearly perfect technique. This point happens when a throw lacks one element of perfection. The opponent might land on the side instead of the back. A player also earns this score by pinning for fifteen seconds. One game example shows a player leading after a successful side

Ura-Nage is a rear throw where the attacker lifts the opponent back. The player steps behind the defender and wraps the waist tightly. A powerful lift combined with a backward fall launches the opponent over. The defender travels through the air and lands on the mat surface. One game example involves a player countering a

Utsuri-Goshi is a shifting hip throw used as a counter technique. The defender lifts the attacker into the air during a throw. The player then shifts the hips to change the throwing direction. This action results in the attacker being tossed onto the mat. One game example shows a player reversing a hip throw to

Uki-Waza is a side sacrifice throw that utilizes a floating motion. The attacker slides one leg across the front of the defender. A sudden drop to the side pulls the opponent over the leg. This action uses the body weight to launch the defender forward. One game example involves a player scoring by dropping onto

Ura-Gatame is a back pinning technique performed from a reverse top position. The attacker lies across the chest while facing away from the head. Both arms secure the shoulders of the defender to maintain the pin. This position uses the weight of the back to restrict all movement. One game example involves holding an opponent

Uki-Goshi is a floating hip throw performed with a shallow hip entry. The attacker wraps one arm around the waist of the defender firmly. The hips rotate slightly to the side to create a pivot point. A sudden twist of the body tosses the opponent onto the mat. One game example involves a player throwing

Uki-Otoshi is a floating drop throw that relies on a hand pull. The attacker pulls the opponent forward and down toward one front corner. This motion occurs without any leg or hip contact during the execution. The defender falls onto the mat because the balance is completely broken. One game example involves a player scoring

Ude-Hishigi-Waki-Gatame is an arm lock applied using the armpit for leverage. The attacker traps the arm of the defender under the side. Pulling the wrist while leaning the weight onto the elbow creates tension. This pressure forces the opponent to submit during the ground fight. One game example involves a player catching an arm during

Ukemi is the art of falling safely to avoid injury during practice. This skill involves rolling or slapping the mat to absorb the impact. Students learn several types of falls including forward, backward, and side rolls. Proper form ensures the head and joints do not hit the floor. One game example involves a player performing

Ude-Hishigi-Sankaku-Gatame is a triangle arm lock executed using a leg configuration. The attacker traps the neck and arm of the defender with the legs. While maintaining the triangle, the player stretches the arm across the thigh. This dual attack creates pressure on both the neck and the elbow. One game example involves a player forcing

Ude-Hishigi-Ude-Gatame is a straight arm lock applied with the hands and body. The attacker grips the arm of the defender with both hands firmly. Pressing the elbow joint against the chest or stomach creates the lock. This action forces the opponent to tap the mat to avoid injury. One game example involves a player securing

Ude-Hishigi-Hiza-Gatame is a knee arm lock that utilizes the leg for pressure. The attacker places a knee over the elbow joint of the defender. Pulling the wrist upward against the stationary knee creates a strong lever. This tension forces the opponent to tap out to signal a submission. One game example involves a player applying

Ude-Hishigi-Juji-Gatame is a cross arm lock performed by lying across the opponent. The attacker secures the arm between the thighs while sitting or lying. Pulling the wrist toward the chest while arching the hips creates tension. This pressure on the elbow joint forces the defender to submit instantly. One game example involves a player winning

Ude-Gatame is an arm lock performed by applying pressure with the hands. The attacker secures the arm of the defender against the chest or shoulder. Pressing down on the elbow joint while pulling the wrist creates tension. This action forces the opponent to submit to avoid injury to the arm. One game example shows a

Uchi-Otoshi is an inner drop throw that relies on hand and body coordination. The attacker pulls the defender forward and down while stepping to the side. This motion disrupts the center of gravity without any leg or hip contact. The defender falls forward onto the mat because of the sudden downward force. One game example

Ude-Garami is an entangled arm lock that targets the shoulder and elbow joints. The attacker wraps one arm over and under the arm of the defender. Grabbing the own wrist creates a strong lever to twist the limb. This pressure forces the opponent to tap the mat for a submission win. One game example involves

Uchi-Mata-Otoshi is an inner thigh drop throw that targets the balance. The attacker enters for a sweep but drops the body weight downward. Instead of a high lift, the player pulls the defender toward the mat. This action forces the opponent to fall over the attacking leg. One game example involves a player scoring by

Uchi-Mata-Sukashi is a slipping counter technique used against an inner thigh throw. The defender anticipates the attack and avoids the lifting leg of the attacker. By stepping aside, the defender lets the attacker fall by their own momentum. A quick push to the back of the attacker ensures the fall. One game example shows a

Uchi-Mata-Ken-Ken is a hopping inner thigh throw used to finish the move. The attacker initiates the sweep but the opponent resists the initial lift. The player hops on one foot to drive the reaping leg deeper. This repeated motion eventually breaks the balance of the stubborn defender. One game example shows a player hopping across

Uchi-Mata-Makikomi is an inner thigh throw combined with a winding fall forward. The attacker executes the leg sweep while wrapping the arm of the defender. Both players roll to the ground together in a single rolling motion. The attacker uses the body weight to ensure the opponent lands flat. One game example shows a player

Uchi-Mata-Gaeshi is a counter technique used against an inner thigh throw attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting to lift with the inner leg. Instead of falling, the defender shifts the weight to the supporting foot. A sudden reversal of force allows the defender to throw the attacker. One game example shows a player scoring

Uchi-Mata-Gaeshi-Makikomi is a counter inner thigh throw with a winding finish. The defender reverses the initial attack and wraps the arm of the opponent. Both players roll to the ground together in a single fluid motion. The defender uses the weight of the body to ensure a high score. One game example shows a player

Uchi-Mata is an inner thigh throw performed by sweeping the leg upward. The attacker places the hip against the midsection of the standing opponent. One leg swings high between the thighs of the defender to lift. This action tosses the opponent in a wide arc onto the floor. One game example involves a player scoring

Uchi-Makikomi is an inner winding throw that involves a heavy rolling motion forward. The attacker steps between the legs and wraps the arm of the defender. Both players roll to the mat together as the attacker rotates the body. The weight of the attacker drives the defender onto their back surface. One game example shows

Tsurite refers to the lifting hand that grips the lapel of the opponent. This hand plays a vital role in breaking the balance of the defender. The player uses this grip to pull the opponent upward or sideways. This action creates the space needed for the attacker to enter for throws. One game example shows

Tsurikomi-Goshi is a lifting pulling hip throw performed by dropping the center. The attacker pulls the lapel upward while turning the back to the defender. This motion requires the player to bend the knees deeply under the opponent. The attacker then straightens the legs to lift the defender over the hip. One game example involves

Tsukkomi-Jime is a thrusting strangle performed using the lapel of the uniform. The attacker grips the collar and pushes the fabric into the neck. This action uses the arm as a lever to apply pressure. The player restricts the blood flow of the opponent during the match. One game example shows a player winning by

Tsukuri is the second phase of a judo throw involving body entry. This stage occurs after breaking the balance and before the final lift. The attacker moves the body into the best position for the throw. This placement allows the player to use leverage against the defender. One game example involves a player stepping in

Tomoe-Nage is a circular sacrifice throw performed by falling onto the back. The attacker places one foot on the stomach of the defender. Falling backward pulls the opponent over the head in a large arc. This motion uses the leg as a prop to launch the defender. One game example involves a player throwing an

Tsubame-Gaeshi is a swallow counter throw used against a foot sweep attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting to sweep the foot sideways. Instead of falling, the defender lifts the foot and sweeps back quickly. This motion resembles the fast and agile flight of a swallow bird. One game example shows a player scoring after

Toketa is the verbal command used by a referee during a pin. This word signals that the defender has successfully escaped the hold-down. The timer for the pin stops the moment the official speaks. This situation occurs if the defender turns over or traps a leg. One game example involves a player breaking free after

Tokui-Waza refers to the favorite or most effective technique of a player. This move is the one the athlete performs with the best success. Every experienced judo player develops a specific throw as their primary weapon. This technique often reflects the physical build and style of the individual. One game example involves a player winning

Te-Guruma is a hand wheel throw that involves a powerful lifting motion. The attacker reaches between the legs or around the waist of the defender. One hand lifts the thigh while the other hand pulls the shoulder. This action carries the opponent over the hip and onto the mat. One game example involves a player

Te-Waza is the official category of judo techniques that primarily use hands. These throws require the player to use the arms as the pivot. The attacker pulls or pushes the opponent to the ground using grips. This group includes many of the most technical moves in the sport. One game example shows a player using

Tate-Shiho-Gatame is a vertical four-corner hold-down performed by sitting on the opponent. The attacker straddles the torso of the defender while facing the head. Both arms wrap under the neck or shoulders to secure the grip. This position pins the back of the defender against the floor surface. The player keeps the knees tight to

Tawara-Gaeshi is a rice bag reversal throw used against a low attack. The attacker reaches over the back of an opponent who is crouching. Both hands grab the belt or the sides of the uniform jacket. The player then falls backward while pulling the opponent over the head. This motion resembles the act of tossing

Tatami refers to the traditional mats used as the floor for judo. These mats provide a firm yet cushioned surface for safe landing. Players perform all throws and ground work on these rectangular pads. The texture of the surface helps the feet maintain a strong grip. One game example involves a player throwing an opponent

Tate-Shiho-Gaeshi describes a reversal technique used to escape a vertical four-corner pin. The defender starts on the bottom while the opponent sits on the torso. This maneuver uses a bridge and a roll to flip the position. The player reaches up to secure the belt or the uniform fabric. A sudden movement shifts the center

Tai-Sabaki refers to the essential footwork and body rotation used in judo. This movement allows a player to dodge attacks or enter for throws. The athlete turns the body away from the force of the opponent. This action creates the space needed to execute a successful technical move. One game example involves a player turning

Tani-Otoshi is a valley drop throw performed as a counter or attack. The attacker slides a leg behind both heels of the defender. A backward drop onto the side pulls the opponent to the mat. This motion trips the defender while the attacker falls away safely. One game example involves a player scoring after blocking

Tachi-Waza is the general category of all standing techniques in the sport. This group includes throws using the hands, the hips, and the legs. Players spend the majority of a match fighting from this upright position. The goal is to throw the opponent onto the back to win. One game example involves a player starting

Tai-Otoshi is a body drop throw performed by extending the leg. The attacker pulls the opponent forward while placing a foot across. This leg acts as a trip that blocks the path of movement. A strong hand rotation drives the defender over the extended limb. One game example involves a player scoring a point with

Sutemi-Waza is the category of sacrifice throws where the attacker falls down. The player drops to the mat to launch the opponent over them. This group includes moves performed on the back or on the side. The attacker uses the weight of their own fall to generate power. One game example shows a player using

Sumi-Gaeshi is a corner sacrifice throw performed by falling onto the back. The attacker sits down while placing a foot on the inner thigh. This leg lifts the opponent into the air during the backward fall. The defender travels over the head of the attacker to the floor. One game example shows a player scoring

Sumi-Otoshi is a corner drop throw that relies on a hand pull. The attacker pushes and pulls the opponent toward a rear corner angle. This motion disrupts the balance of the defender without using any legs. The opponent falls backward onto the mat from the force of hands. One game example involves a player scoring

Soto-Makikomi is an outer winding throw that involves a heavy rolling motion. The attacker wraps the arm of the opponent while stepping to the side. Both players fall to the mat together as the attacker rotates forward. The weight of the attacker drives the defender onto their back surface. One game example shows a player

Sukui-Nage is a scooping throw that targets the legs of the opponent. The attacker reaches down to grab the thighs or the belt area. A lifting motion combined with a backward pull trips the standing defender. This action sends the opponent over the shoulder or to the side. One game example involves a player scooping

Soremade is the official command that signals the end of a judo match. The referee shouts this word when the time limit for the contest expires. This term also applies if a player achieves a perfect winning score. Both athletes must stop fighting and return to their starting marks immediately. One game example involves the

Sode-Tsuri-Komi-Goshi is a sleeve lifting pulling hip throw used in matches. The attacker grabs both sleeves of the opponent instead of the lapel. Lifting the arms high creates a space to enter with the hips. The player then tosses the defender over the side of the hip. One game example involves a player throwing an

Sogo-Gachi is a compound victory awarded through a combination of scores. This result occurs when a player earns a half point and a penalty. The referee declares a winner when the score and the warning match. This term represents a specific way to end a match before time. One game example involves a player winning

Sode-Guruma-Gaeshi is a counter technique used against a sleeve wheel strangle attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting to wrap the arms around the neck. Instead of allowing the choke, the defender rotates the body to escape. A quick shift in position allows the defender to reverse the attacker. One game example shows a player

Sode-Guruma-Jime is a sleeve wheel strangle performed by crossing the arms together. The attacker wraps one arm around the neck and grabs the opposite sleeve. This action creates a tight loop that applies pressure to the throat. The player uses the fabric of the uniform to increase the force. One game example shows a player

Shushin is the lead referee who manages the match from inside the mat. This official starts and stops the fight with specific verbal commands. The referee also awards points and penalties based on the actions seen. Constant movement allows the official to maintain a clear view of the players. One game example involves the referee

Shiai refers to a formal judo match or competition between two opposing players. This event takes place on a square mat area with a referee. Players use all their learned techniques to score points and achieve victory. The contest follows strict rules to ensure the safety of both participants. One game example involves two athletes

Shido is a penalty awarded for minor rules violations during a match. The referee gives this warning for passivity or for stalling the fight. A player might also receive one for stepping out of bounds. Accumulating three of these penalties results in a disqualification for the player. One game example involves a referee penalizing a

Seoi-Nage-Makikomi is a shoulder throw combined with a winding fall onto the mat. The attacker executes a shoulder throw while wrapping the arm of the defender. Both players roll to the ground together in a single fluid motion. The attacker uses the body weight to ensure the opponent lands on the back. One game example

Seoi-Otoshi is a shoulder drop throw executed by dropping to the knees. The attacker grabs the lapel and the sleeve with a firm grip. Instead of staying standing, the player drops one or both knees down. This action pulls the opponent over the shoulder and toward the floor. One game example involves a player scoring

Sasae-Tsurikomi-Ashi-Gaeshi is a counter technique used against a propping drawing ankle throw attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting to block the ankle and pull forward. Instead of falling, the defender steps over the blocking foot of the attacker. A sudden shift in weight allows the defender to reverse the momentum. One game example shows

Seoi-Nage is a shoulder throw performed by carrying the opponent on the back. The attacker grips the lapel and sleeve to pull the defender forward. Both feet turn so the back of the player faces the opponent. The attacker then lifts the defender over the shoulder to the floor. One game example involves a player

Sasae-Ashi refers to a supporting foot technique used to block an opponent. The attacker places the sole of the foot against the lower leg. This action acts as a stationary prop while the upper body pulls. The defender trips over the foot and falls forward onto the mat. One game example involves a player scoring

Sasae-Tsurikomi-Ashi is a propping drawing ankle throw used in standing judo matches. The attacker pulls the opponent forward and upward with the hands firmly. One foot blocks the ankle of the defender to prevent a step. This combination of pulling and blocking results in a large throwing arc. One game example involves a player tossing

Sankaku-Turnover is a method used to flip a kneeling or prone opponent. The attacker uses a triangle leg configuration to grab the defender. By rolling sideways, the player forces the opponent onto the back surface. This transition moves the fight from a defensive state to a pin. One game example involves a player turning a

Sankaku-Gatame is a triangle pinning hold performed with the legs on the ground. The attacker wraps the legs around the neck and one arm. This creates a tight triangle shape that secures the upper body firmly. The player then holds the defender flat on the mat for time. One game example involves a player winning

Sankaku-Jime is a triangle strangle technique executed using the legs of the player. The attacker traps the neck and one arm inside a leg lock. Crossing the ankle behind the opposite knee creates a powerful choking force. This pressure restricts the blood flow of the opponent during the match. One game example shows a player

Rei is the formal bow used to show respect in the sport. This action occurs at the beginning and end of every match. Players also bow when entering or leaving the practice area on the mat. This gesture signifies the appreciation for the partner and the learning process. One game example involves two athletes bowing

Ritsurei is the standing bow performed from an upright and formal posture. The player stands with heels together and hands resting at the sides. The upper body bends forward at the waist to a specific angle. This bow is used when greeting partners or officials during a match. One game example involves a player bowing

Ouchi-Gari is a major inner reap throw targeting the leg of the opponent. The attacker steps between the legs and sweeps the inner thigh away. This action breaks the balance of the defender and forces a fall. The opponent lands on the back from the sudden inside leg sweep. This move relies on a combination

Randori refers to free practice or sparring between two judo partners during training. This exercise allows students to apply their techniques in a live setting. Participants move freely and attempt throws without a pre-arranged sequence or order. The goal is to develop timing and reaction speed against resistance. One game example involves two students practicing

Osaekomi is the official term for a pinning hold during a judo match. The referee shouts this command when a player controls the opponent on the back. The attacker must keep the shoulders of the defender against the floor surface. A timer starts immediately to track the duration of the hold. One game example involves

Okuri-Ashi-Barai is a sliding foot sweep used against a moving opponent. The attacker sweeps both feet of the defender at the same time. This motion resembles a broom sweeping dust across a floor surface. The sweep occurs when the opponent moves sideways across the mat. One game example involves a player tripping the defender during

Okuri-Eri-Jime is a sliding lapel strangle performed from behind the opponent. The attacker reaches around the neck to grab the far collar. The other hand pulls the opposite lapel down to create tension. This action restricts the blood flow of the defender during the match. One game example shows a player winning by submission from

Obi-Tori-Gaeshi is a belt-grab reversal technique used to counter an attack. The player grabs the belt of the opponent to gain control. This grip allows the player to flip the attacker over the shoulder. The move uses the momentum of the opponent to finish the reversal. One game example shows a defender scoring after a

Obi-Tori-Otoshi is a belt-grab drop throw that targets the center of gravity. The attacker reaches over the shoulder to grab the back of the belt. A powerful downward pull combined with a leg trip follows. This action drives the opponent directly onto the mat surface. One game example involves a player scoring a point with

Obi-Jime is a strangling technique that utilizes the belt of the opponent. The attacker wraps the loose end of the belt around the neck. This action creates a tight loop to restrict the blood flow. A player applies this technique during a ground fighting struggle on the mat. One game example shows a player using

Obi-Otoshi is a belt drop throw that involves grabbing the waist. The attacker reaches around the body to secure a grip on the belt. A sudden lift and pull forces the defender over the leg. This motion causes the opponent to fall backward onto the mat. One game example involves a player using the belt

Obi is the belt worn by a player over the judo uniform. This item serves the practical purpose of holding the jacket closed. The color of the belt signifies the rank and experience of the player. Beginners start with a white belt while experts wear a black belt. One game example involves a player gripping

O-Uchi-Makikomi is a major inner reap throw with a winding finish. The attacker hooks the inside of the leg of the defender deeply. Both players fall to the ground as the attacker rolls forward. This winding motion ensures the opponent cannot escape the leg hook. One game example shows a player wrapping the arm around

O-Uchi-Barai is a major inner foot sweep used against a moving opponent. The attacker uses the sole of the foot to slide along the mat. This motion strikes the inside of the ankle of the defender precisely. The sweep occurs when the opponent shifts weight to the attacking side. One game example involves tripping the

O-Uchi-Gaeshi is a counter technique used against a major inner reap attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting a large inner leg sweep. Instead of falling, the defender uses the momentum to reverse the move. A quick shift of the hips redirects the force of the attacker. One game example shows a player scoring after

O-Soto-Makikomi is a major outer winding throw that uses the arm. The attacker steps to the side and wraps the arm of the defender. The player then sweeps the leg while falling forward into a roll. This action pulls the opponent down with the weight of the attacker. One game example involves a player rolling

O-Soto-Otoshi is a major outer drop throw that targets the heel. The attacker places one foot behind the heel of the opponent firmly. A strong downward push forces the defender over the stationary leg. This technique relies on body weight rather than a sweeping motion. One game example involves dropping the opponent backward onto the

O-Soto-Harai is a major outer sweeping throw performed with the hip. The attacker sweeps the leg of the defender using a reaping motion. This action involves a strong lift of the hip during the sweep. The opponent is thrown in a wide arc onto the mat surface. One game example involves a player scoring by

O-Soto-Ken-Ken is a hopping major outer reap throw used for finishing. The attacker initiates a sweep but the opponent resists the initial force. The player hops on one foot to drive the sweep deeper. This repeated motion eventually breaks the balance of the stubborn defender. One game example shows a player hopping to complete a

O-Soto-Guruma is a major outer wheel throw that uses the extended leg. The attacker places the leg behind both legs of the opponent. A circular motion of the upper body rolls the defender over. This technique acts like a hurdle that the opponent must fall over. The attacker pulls the sleeves to guide the direction

O-Soto-Gari-Makikomi is a major outer reap combined with a winding fall. The attacker sweeps the leg while wrapping the arm of the opponent. Both players roll to the ground together as the throw concludes successfully. The attacker uses the weight of the torso to ensure the fall. This winding action makes the throw very difficult

O-Soto-Gake is a major outer hook throw used to trip the opponent. The attacker hooks the leg of the defender from the outside firmly. A strong push to the chest drives the opponent over the leg. This motion causes the defender to fall backward onto the mat surface. The attacker maintains a tight grip on

O-Soto-Gari is a major outer reap throw targeting the leg of the opponent. The attacker steps to the side and sweeps the leg from behind. This action removes the support of the defender during a backward step. The opponent falls flat on the back from the sudden leg sweep. This throw relies on a combination

O-Soto-Gaeshi is a counter technique used against a major outer reap attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting to sweep the leg from behind. Instead of falling, the defender shifts their weight to the other foot. A quick reversal of force allows the defender to sweep the attacker. One game example shows a player scoring

O-Goshi-Makikomi is a major hip throw combined with a winding finish. The attacker performs a hip toss while wrapping the arm of the opponent. Both players fall to the ground together in a rolling motion. The attacker uses the body weight to ensure the defender lands flat. One game example shows a player finishing the

O-Guruma is a major wheel throw that targets the legs and waist. The attacker extends one leg across the thighs of the defender. This leg acts as a stationary bar for the throwing motion. The player pulls the sleeves to rotate the opponent over the limb. One game example involves a player wheeling the defender

O-Goshi-Gaeshi is a counter technique used specifically against a hip throw attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting to turn for a major throw. Instead of being lifted, the defender blocks the hip with the hand. A sudden shift in weight allows the defender to reverse the momentum. One game example shows a player scoring

Ne-Waza is the broad category of techniques performed on the ground surface. This area includes pins, joint locks, and various choking methods used. Players transition to this phase after a throw or a knockdown. The objective is to control the opponent and force a submission win. One game example shows a player winning a match

O-Goshi is a major hip throw that involves lifting the opponent. The attacker places one arm around the waist of the defender firmly. The hips slide across to act as a pivot for the lift. A strong rotation of the body tosses the opponent over the hip. One game example involves a player throwing the

Nami-Juji-Jime is a normal cross strangle performed with the palms facing down. The attacker crosses the wrists to grab the lapels of the opponent. Both thumbs remain on the outside of the collar during the grip. This pressure restricts the blood flow to the head of the defender. One game example involves a player securing

Mune-Gatame is a chest-to-chest pinning technique used during ground fighting sessions. The attacker lies across the torso of the defender from the side. Both arms wrap around the head and the shoulder of the opponent. This position uses the weight of the chest to restrict movement. One game example involves holding the opponent flat for

Nage-Waza is the official category of all throwing techniques within the sport. This group includes moves that use the hands, hips, and legs. Players use these skills to project the opponent onto the mat. The goal is to land the defender on the back surface. One game example shows a player using a leg sweep

Morote-Seoi-Otoshi is a two-handed shoulder drop throw executed from the knees. The attacker grabs the lapel and the sleeve with both hands firmly. Instead of standing, the player drops one or both knees down. This action pulls the opponent over the shoulder and toward the mat. One game example involves a player scoring by dropping

Morote-Seoi-Nage is a two-handed shoulder throw performed by rotating the body. The attacker grips the sleeve and the lapel of the opponent simultaneously. Both feet turn so the back faces the front of the defender. The player pulls the opponent over the shoulder while dropping the hips. One game example involves a player tossing the

Morote-Gari is a two-handed leg tackle throw used to take down. The attacker dives forward and grabs both legs of the defender. A strong shoulder drive into the waist forces the opponent backward. This move resembles a double leg takedown seen in freestyle wrestling. One game example involves a player charging to trip the opponent

Morote-Jime is a two-handed strangle performed using the uniform lapels. The attacker crosses the hands to grab the collar of the defender. Pulling the hands toward the chest creates pressure on the neck. This choke restricts the blood flow of the opponent during ground work. One game example shows a player winning by submission from

Matte is the verbal command used by the referee to stop. This word tells the players to break their grips and reset. The match pauses immediately when the referee shouts this loud command. Players must return to their starting positions on the mat surface. One game example involves a pause when the athletes move out.

Ma-Sutemi-Waza is the category of rear sacrifice throws used in matches. The attacker falls directly onto the back to launch the opponent. This momentum carries the defender over the body of the falling player. These moves require great courage because the attacker hits the mat first. One game example involves the circle throw where the

Makura-Kesa-Gatame is the pillow scarf hold used to pin an opponent. The attacker sits by the side and places a thigh under. This leg acts like a pillow for the head of the defender. One arm wraps around the neck and grabs the own leg. This creates a very tight and uncomfortable circle around the

Kyu refers to the student grade levels below the black belt rank. New practitioners start at the highest number and work toward the lowest. Each level often uses a different colored belt to show progress. This system tracks the technical knowledge and the experience of the student. One game example shows a white belt competing

Kuzure-Yoko-Shiho-Gatame is a broken side four-corner hold used for pinning. The attacker lies across the body from a perpendicular side position. One hand reaches between the legs to grab the belt or thigh. The other arm wraps around the neck to secure the upper body. This grip creates a very strong diagonal control over the

Kuzushi describes the essential act of breaking the balance of an opponent. This phase must occur before any successful throw can take place. The attacker pulls or pushes to move the center of gravity. This action makes the defender unstable and unable to resist the move. One game example involves pulling the sleeve to make

Kuzure-Kesa-Gatame is a broken scarf hold pin used from the side. The attacker sits next to the ribs and traps the near arm. Instead of wrapping the neck, the arm goes under the shoulder. This change provides a more stable base against certain escape attempts. One game example shows a player transition to this hold

Kuzure-Tate-Shiho-Gatame is a broken vertical four-corner hold used on the ground. The attacker sits on top of the torso of the defender. One arm wraps around the neck while the other stays free. This position allows the player to maintain balance against a rolling escape. The knees squeeze the ribs of the opponent to limit

Kuzure-Kami-Shiho-Gatame is a broken four-corner hold performed from the head. The attacker lies over the chest of the defender while facing the feet. One arm wraps under the shoulder while the other goes over the arm. This grip differs from the standard version by altering the hand placement. The player keeps the chest low to

Kuchiki-Taoshi is a one-handed drop throw that targets the leg. The attacker reaches down to grab the calf of the defender. A sudden push with the other hand to the chest follows. This combination of pulling and pushing causes a quick backward fall. One game example shows a player catching the leg during a scramble.

Kumi-Kata is the system of gripping the uniform of the opponent. This phase of the fight determines who controls the throwing motion. Players fight for a dominant hold on the collar and sleeve. A good grip allows a player to move the defender easily. One game example involves two players wrestling for the best hand

Kouchi-Gari is a minor inner reap throw targeting the trailing leg. The attacker uses the foot to sweep the inside of the heel. This action happens while the opponent is stepping or standing still. The defender falls backward as the foot is pulled away. One game example involves a player scoring by tripping the opponent

Kote-Gaeshi is a wrist lock reversal used to control an opponent. The player grabs the hand and twists the wrist outward. This pressure forces the opponent to fall to avoid a break. This move is more common in self-defense forms than in matches. One game example shows a player performing this in a formal demonstration.

Koshi-Uchi-Mata is a hip-style inner thigh throw used in active competition. The attacker places the hip against the midsection of the opponent. One leg swings up between the thighs of the standing defender. This lifting motion tosses the opponent high into the air. One game example shows a player scoring a full point with this.

Koshi-Waza is the official category of judo techniques that use the hip. These throws require the player to use the waist as a pivot. The attacker pulls the opponent over the hip to the ground. This group includes many of the most famous throws in the sport. One game example shows a player using a

Koshi-Guruma is a hip wheel throw that uses the head and arm. The attacker wraps one arm around the neck of the opponent. The hips slide across the front of the body of the defender. This position creates a pivot point for a large rolling motion. One game example involves throwing the opponent over the

Ko-Uchi-Gaeshi is a counter technique used against an inner reap attempt. The defender feels the attacker starting a minor inner leg sweep. Instead of falling, the defender uses the momentum to reverse. A quick shift of the hips redirects the force of the attacker. One game example shows a player scoring after being attacked first.

Ko-Uchi-Makikomi is a minor inner reap throw with a winding finish. The attacker hooks the inside of the leg of the defender. Both players fall to the ground as the attacker rolls forward. This winding motion ensures the opponent cannot escape the leg hook. One game example shows a player wrapping the arm around the

Ko-Uchi-Barai is a minor inner foot sweep used against a moving opponent. The attacker uses the sole of the foot to slide. This motion hits the inside of the ankle of the defender. The sweep occurs exactly when the opponent shifts their body weight. One game example involves tripping the defender during a side step.

Ko-Soto-Guruma is a minor outer wheel throw that uses the leg. The attacker places the leg behind both legs of the opponent. A circular motion of the upper body rolls the defender over. This technique acts like a hurdle that the opponent must fall over. The attacker pulls the sleeves to guide the direction of

Ko-Soto-Otoshi is a minor outer drop throw that targets the leg. The attacker places one foot behind the heel of the opponent. A strong downward push forces the defender over the stationary leg. This technique relies on body weight rather than a sweeping motion. One game example involves dropping the opponent backward onto the mat

Ko-Soto-Gari-Makikomi is a minor outer reap combined with a winding fall. The attacker sweeps the leg while wrapping the body of the opponent. Both players roll to the ground together as the throw concludes. The attacker uses the weight of the torso to ensure the fall. This winding action makes the throw very difficult to

Ko-Soto-Gari is a minor outer reap throw targeting the heel of the opponent. The attacker uses the foot to sweep the leg from behind. This action removes the support of the defender during a step. The opponent falls backward onto the mat from the sudden sweep. This throw relies on precision and timing rather than

Kiken-Gachi is a victory awarded when an opponent withdraws from the match. This situation occurs if a player cannot continue due to injury. The referee stops the fight and declares the remaining athlete the winner. This term literally means a win by the choice to quit. No further points are necessary to end the contest

Ko-Soto-Gake is a minor outer hook throw used to trip the opponent. The attacker hooks the leg of the defender from the outside. A strong push to the chest drives the opponent over the leg. This motion causes the defender to fall flat on the back. The attacker maintains a grip on the uniform during

Kibisu-Gaeshi is a heel trip throw that targets the foot of the opponent. The attacker reaches down to grab the heel of the defender. A simultaneous push to the chest forces the opponent to fall. This move uses a combination of pulling and pushing for leverage. The defender loses balance because the foot cannot step

Kesa-Gatame is a scarf hold pin performed from the side of the opponent. The attacker sits next to the ribs and wraps one arm. This arm goes around the neck while the other holds the sleeve. The legs spread wide on the mat to create a stable base. This position uses the weight of the

Kawazu-Gake is a leg entanglement throw where the attacker hooks a leg. The player wraps one leg around the leg of the opponent. Both athletes usually fall backward to the mat during the execution. The attacker uses the body weight to pull the defender down. This technique carries a high risk of injury to the

Kesa-Gaeshi is a counter technique used to escape a specific scarf hold. The defender waits for the attacker to shift their weight forward. A sudden roll toward the head of the attacker flips the position. The player uses the momentum of the opponent to gain the top. One game example shows a pinned player reversing

Katame-Waza is the general category of grappling techniques used on the ground. This group includes all pins, joint locks, and various choking methods. Players use these skills once the fight moves to the floor. The goal is to control the opponent and force a submission. Matches often end when a player holds a pin for

Kata-Sankaku is a pinning technique that creates a triangle shape with the arms. The attacker wraps one arm around the neck of the defender. The other arm goes under the armpit to lock the hands together. This position traps the shoulder and head of the opponent firmly. The attacker stays on the side to maintain

Kata-Ha-Jime is a single wing strangle used against a seated opponent. The attacker stands or kneels behind the back of the defender. One arm reaches around the neck to grab the far collar. The other arm goes under the armpit to trap the shoulder. This position creates a powerful lever against the neck and back.

Kata-Juji-Jime is a half cross strangle performed with the uniform lapels. The attacker crosses the arms to grab both sides of the collar. One hand faces up while the other hand faces down on the fabric. This grip allows the player to pull the lapels across the throat. The attacker uses the wrists to apply

Kata-Guruma is a shoulder wheel throw that involves lifting the opponent across. The attacker drops low and places the head under the arm. One hand grabs the leg while the other pulls the sleeve. This lift carries the opponent over the shoulders of the player. The attacker then rolls the defender onto the mat with

Kata-Eri-Jime is a chokehold that utilizes the collar of the judo uniform. The attacker grips one side of the collar with a deep hand. The other hand pushes or pulls to create tension across the neck. This pressure restricts the blood flow of the opponent during the fight. A player often applies this technique from

Kata-Gatame is a shoulder pin where the attacker traps the arm. The player uses the side of the head to lock the limb. One arm circles the neck of the opponent to grab the hands. This creates a tight triangle around the shoulder and the neck area. The attacker stays on the side with legs

Kata refers to a structured series of pre-arranged movements and formal techniques. This practice demonstrates the fundamental principles of balance and power in judo. Students follow a specific sequence to show mastery of throwing and pinning. Each motion serves as a perfect model for real combat applications. Partners work together to perform these drills with

Kani-Basami is a flying scissors throw that targets the legs of an opponent. The attacker jumps sideways and places one leg across the waist. The second leg sweeps behind the knees of the standing defender. This dual action creates a shearing force that trips the opponent backward. Both players usually fall to the mat as

Kami-Shiho-Gaeshi describes a specific technique for escaping or reversing a top pinning hold. The defender starts on the bottom while the opponent holds the upper body. This maneuver uses the momentum of the attacker to flip the entire position. The player reaches up to grab the belt or the uniform fabric. A sudden bridge and

Kami-Shiho-Gatame is a four-corner hold-down performed from behind the head of the opponent. The attacker lies over the chest of the defender while facing the feet. Both arms wrap under the shoulders to grip the belt firmly. This position pins the back of the defender against the floor surface. The player keeps the chest low

Juji-Gatame is a joint lock that targets the elbow of an opponent. The attacker lies across the chest of the defender during the move. One leg rests over the face while the other crosses the torso. This position secures the arm between the thighs of the attacking player. The athlete pulls the wrist upward while

Kake represents the final execution phase of a judo throwing technique. This moment occurs after the initial balance break and the body entry. The attacker applies the decisive force to project the opponent onto the mat. Success requires a fluid motion that combines power with precise physical timing. A player performs a shoulder throw by

Judogi refers to the uniform worn in judo. The uniform includes a jacket, pants, and belt. Thick fabric allows secure gripping during techniques. The belt indicates rank and skill level. Athletes tie the belt firmly before matches. Proper fit ensures safe movement on the mat. Loose sleeves help facilitate grip exchanges. Clean judogi maintains hygiene

Ippon-seoi-nage describes a one-arm shoulder throw in judo. The attacker grips one sleeve firmly. The thrower turns under the opponent’s arm. The opponent loads onto the attacker’s back. Strong leg drive lifts the opponent upward. The attacker pulls forward to complete rotation. Proper balance breaking occurs before turning. Tight arm control keeps the opponent close.

Ippon-seoi-otoshi defines a dropping shoulder throw in judo. The attacker grips one sleeve securely. The thrower turns inward under the opponent’s arm. Instead of staying upright, the attacker drops low. This drop pulls the opponent forward and down. Strong sleeve control guides throwing direction. Proper timing breaks balance before entry. The attacker uses knees to

Ippon represents a full point victory in judo. This score immediately ends the match. A clean throw with control earns ippon. Holding an opponent down long enough also scores ippon. Submission techniques can also secure ippon. Referees require speed, force, and control for throws. Clear back contact with the mat confirms scoring. Athletes aim for

Hiza-guruma-gaeshi refers to a counter against knee wheel. The defender reacts during the blocking attempt. Quick balance shift prevents full rotation. The defender redirects pulling force effectively. Strong grip retention allows immediate counter movement. Proper foot repositioning stabilizes the stance. The counter uses the attacker’s forward momentum. Athletes remain upright during defensive transition. Swift rotation

Hiza-guruma defines a knee wheel throw in judo. The attacker blocks the opponent’s knee with the foot. Simultaneously, the attacker pulls the upper body forward. This action rotates the opponent around the blocked knee. Proper timing occurs as the opponent steps forward. Strong sleeve control guides rotational direction. The blocking foot stays firm against the

Hiza-gatame describes a knee joint lock in judo. The attacker controls the opponent’s arm firmly. The knee presses against the elbow joint. This pressure forces the arm into extension. Controlled leverage creates submission threat quickly. Proper grip prevents escape attempts effectively. The attacker stabilizes hips for better control. Athletes apply gradual pressure to ensure safety.

Hikiwake means a draw in judo competition. Officials declare this result when no winner emerges. Both athletes finish without decisive scoring advantage. Judges apply hikiwake under specific competition rules. Balanced performance leads to this outcome. Neither competitor gains superior control. Referees signal the result clearly at center mat. Tournament formats determine when draws apply. Athletes

Hikite refers to the pulling hand in judo technique. This hand grips and pulls the opponent’s sleeve. The pulling action breaks balance before attacks. Effective hikite creates forward or diagonal movement. Strong grip strength enhances pulling control. The attacker coordinates hikite with the lifting hand. Proper sleeve tension directs throwing angle precisely. Athletes drill hikite

Hikikomi-gaeshi defines a pulling sacrifice throw in judo. The attacker drops backward while pulling the opponent forward. This action draws the opponent over the body. Strong sleeve grip controls upper body rotation. The attacker uses leg placement to guide direction. Proper timing occurs as the opponent advances aggressively. The drop sacrifices standing position intentionally. Controlled

Harai-tsurikomi-ashi describes a sweeping foot throw in judo. The attacker pulls and lifts while sweeping the opponent’s foot. This action removes balance during forward movement. The sweep targets the advancing foot precisely. Strong sleeve control directs upper body momentum. Proper timing ensures the opponent steps forward first. The attacker sweeps low along the mat surface.

Harai-goshi-makikomi combines sweeping hip action with body wrap. The attacker begins with a harai-goshi entry. Instead of staying upright, the thrower wraps tightly. The attacker drops sideways while sweeping the leg. This motion pulls the opponent over the body. Strong upper body wrap controls shoulder movement. The drop increases rotational force significantly. Full commitment prevents

Harai-makikomi describes a sweeping wraparound sacrifice throw. The attacker sweeps the opponent’s leg powerfully. Simultaneously, the thrower wraps the upper body tightly. The attacker drops sideways to complete rotation. This drop amplifies sweeping momentum forward. Strong sleeve control guides final throwing direction. The technique sacrifices standing position intentionally. Athletes rely on timing rather than raw

Harai-goshi describes a sweeping hip throw in judo. The attacker turns inward and loads the opponent. The thrower sweeps the opponent’s leg backward forcefully. This sweeping action removes base support instantly. Strong hip rotation drives the opponent forward. Sleeve control guides the opponent’s upper body direction. Proper kuzushi breaks balance before sweeping begins. Athletes pivot

Harai-goshi-gaeshi defines a counter to the sweeping hip throw. The defender reacts during the opponent’s sweeping attempt. Quick balance recovery prevents full hip loading. The defender redirects momentum in the opposite direction. Strong grip retention allows immediate counter rotation. The counter throw uses the attacker’s forward force. Timing remains critical for successful reversal. Athletes stay

Hantei refers to a referee decision when scoring remains equal. Judges determine the winner through visible majority signals. This process evaluates activity and attacking intent. Officials consider overall match control carefully. Clear aggression influences the final decision outcome. Athletes must maintain consistent offensive effort. Defensive stalling reduces chances during evaluation. Referees raise flags to indicate

Hansoku-make means disqualification due to serious rule violations. The referee awards this penalty for major infractions. Dangerous actions often trigger immediate disqualification decisions. Repeated minor penalties can also lead here. Officials enforce safety and fairness through this rule. Disqualified athletes lose the match instantly. Severe misconduct results in removal from competition. Referees communicate the decision

Hane-goshi describes a springing hip throw in judo. The attacker loads the opponent onto the hip. The thrower lifts one leg to assist rotation. This leg action adds upward driving force. Strong hip contact disrupts the opponent’s balance forward. The attacker pulls the sleeve to guide direction. Coordinated movement creates smooth rotational momentum. Proper timing

Hane-makikomi defines a wrapping sacrifice throw in judo. The attacker wraps an arm around the opponent’s upper body. The thrower lifts a leg similar to hane-goshi. Instead of staying upright, the attacker drops sideways. This drop pulls the opponent over the body. Strong arm wrap controls the opponent’s shoulder tightly. The attacker commits fully to

Hajime serves as the command to begin action in judo. The referee announces this word to start the match. Athletes immediately engage after hearing the command. This signal restarts action after any pause. Competitors must show readiness before the referee speaks. Clear posture and eye focus indicate preparation. The referee ensures both athletes stand within

Hadaka-jime defines a rear naked choke in judo. The attacker applies this choke without gripping the jacket. The arm wraps around the opponent’s neck from behind. The forearm presses against both carotid arteries firmly. The attacker locks the choking arm with the opposite hand. This grip tightens pressure through controlled arm squeeze. Strong chest contact

Gyaku-juji-jime defines a reverse cross choke technique. The attacker inserts hands crosswise into the collar. Palms face outward to create opposing pressure. Arms pull sharply to compress the neck. This action restricts blood flow rapidly. Strong wrist alignment improves choking effectiveness. Athletes secure mount or guard positions first. Stable base prevents sudden reversals during application.

Golden Score represents sudden death overtime in judo. Officials apply this rule when regular time ends tied. The first athlete to score wins immediately. Referees also award victory after decisive penalties. Competitors must attack actively to avoid sanctions. Defensive stalling increases risk during this period. Endurance becomes critical as fatigue builds quickly. Grip fighting often

Gyaku-eri-jime describes a reverse collar choke in judo. The attacker grips the opponent’s collar from opposite sides. Hands cross to create strong neck pressure. Pulling motion tightens fabric against the carotid arteries. Controlled leverage restricts blood flow effectively. Athletes secure position before applying full pressure. Proper angle prevents easy defensive escapes. Ground stability enhances choking

Fusen-gachi describes a win by opponent default in judo. Officials award this result when one athlete fails to appear. The present competitor receives victory without fighting. Tournament schedules continue without delay after the decision. Organizers record the win officially in brackets. Athletes still complete weigh-ins before competition begins. Clear attendance rules prevent confusion on match

Ganseki-otoshi identifies a hand technique involving a forward drop. The attacker controls the opponent’s upper body tightly. Strong pulling action drives the opponent downward. The thrower steps backward while guiding the fall. Balance disruption begins before the final drop. Coordinated arm movement directs the opponent’s momentum. Athletes maintain close chest contact during execution. Proper timing

Fukushin refers to an assistant referee in judo matches. This official supports the central referee during competition. Fukushin monitors actions from different mat angles. Clear hand signals communicate scoring opinions quickly. The assistant helps confirm throws or penalties. Close observation ensures fair and accurate decisions. Officials coordinate constantly during fast exchanges. Strong positioning improves visibility

Eri-seoi-nage defines a shoulder throw using the collar grip. The attacker grips the opponent’s collar with one hand. The other hand controls the opponent’s sleeve firmly. The thrower turns inward under the opponent’s arm. Hips drop low to load the opponent onto the back. Strong leg drive powers the forward rotation. Proper timing breaks the

Encho-sen refers to an overtime period in judo competition. Officials start this period when regular time ends evenly. Competitors continue fighting until one athlete scores. Referees award victory to the first scoring action. Athletes must attack carefully while avoiding penalties. Strong conditioning helps maintain sharp movement under pressure. Defensive stalling can lead to penalty points.

Eri-jime describes a collar choke technique in judo. The attacker grips the opponent’s jacket collar firmly. Hands apply pressure against the sides of the neck. This pressure restricts blood flow to the brain. Proper grip placement increases choking effectiveness quickly. The attacker pulls elbows inward to tighten control. Balance control prevents the opponent from escaping.

A dojo serves as the training hall for judo practice. Practitioners train, drill techniques, and follow etiquette inside this space. The dojo provides mats that cushion throws and falls. Coaches lead structured sessions that build skill and discipline. Students bow when entering and leaving the mat area. This gesture shows respect for partners and instructors.

De-Ashi-Barai is a fundamental foot sweep that targets an opponent’s advancing or retreating foot. The attacker uses the sole of their foot to flick the opponent’s ankle sideways. This action happens exactly when the defender moves their weight onto that specific leg. The opponent loses balance and falls toward the side of the swept foot.

Do-Osae describes a trunk hold where the attacker uses their legs to wrap the opponent. This technique occurs on the ground to immobilize the defender’s torso and lower body. The attacker crosses their ankles behind the opponent’s back to create a tight loop. This position prevents the defender from moving away or standing up during

Dan represents the advanced black belt ranks that indicate a high level of technical skill. Students earn these grades after mastering the basic foundations of throwing and ground fighting. Each numerical level signifies deeper knowledge and years of dedicated practice within the sport. Higher ranks often require the student to contribute to the judo community

Atemi-Waza encompasses striking techniques used to disable or distract an opponent during a judo session. These moves involve hitting sensitive areas of the body with fists, elbows, or feet. Modern judo competitions prohibit these strikes to ensure the safety of all participants. Students only practice these movements within pre-arranged patterns called kata for self-defense education.

Daki-Age involves lifting an opponent off the mat while they hold a guard position. The attacker stands up while the defender clings to their torso or waist. This move demonstrates total control over the opponent’s weight and body during ground combat. Referees stop the action once the attacker lifts the defender to shoulder height. This

Ashi-Waza classifies a broad category of judo techniques that focus on foot and leg movements. These moves include trips, sweeps, and various leg-based throws used to down an opponent. The attacker uses their feet to disrupt the balance of the standing defender. Most of these techniques require minimal upper body strength compared to hip or

Ashi-Uchi-Mata identifies a specific inner thigh throw executed primarily using the attacker’s leg strength. The attacker stands on one foot while swinging the other leg between the opponent’s thighs. This lifting motion tosses the defender into the air and onto the floor. The attacker pulls the opponent’s sleeve and lapel to maintain control during the

Ashi-Guruma describes a leg wheel throw that flips an opponent over a guided leg. The attacker places one leg across the shins or knees of the standing defender. This leg acts as a stationary axle while the attacker pulls the opponent forward. The defender’s momentum carries their body over the extended leg and onto the

Ashi-Jime refers to a leg strangulation technique used during ground combat in judo matches. The attacker uses their legs to apply pressure to the sides of the neck. This action restricts blood flow to the brain and forces the opponent to submit. One leg typically hooks under the chin while the other pushes against the

Ashi-Gatame is a joint lock that uses the leg to control the opponent’s arm. This technique applies pressure to the elbow joint to force a quick submission. The attacker stretches their leg across the opponent’s outstretched arm while lying on the ground. This position creates a strong lever that immobilizes the entire upper body of