Mixed Martial Arts

An underhook is a grappling grip where a fighter slides an arm. The athlete places their arm inside the opponent’s armpit to gain control. This move provides a massive advantage for takedowns and overall body leverage. Having an underhook allows the fighter to lift and turn the adversary. It is a fundamental skill for both […]

An upkick is a strike delivered from the ground to a standing. The fighter on their back kicks upward with the heel or foot. This strike targets the face or the chin of the attacking. It is a powerful defensive tool for a fighter on the bottom. An upkick can cause a sudden knockdown or

The triangle choke is a submission that uses the legs to trap. The attacker wraps their legs around the neck and one arm of. By crossing the ankles, the fighter creates a tight and triangular. This position squeezes the carotid arteries on both sides of the neck. The pressure forces the defensive fighter to tap

The turtle is a defensive ground position where a fighter curls up. The athlete rests on their knees and elbows to protect the stomach. This posture is used to prevent an opponent from taking the back. It also serves as a temporary shield against heavy ground and pound. While safe from some attacks, the turtle

The Thai plumb is a clinch position where a fighter controls the. The athlete locks their hands behind the adversary’s neck and pulls down. This control is also known as the Muay Thai collar tie. It allows the attacker to deliver devastating knee strikes to the body. By pulling the head into the knees, the

A tie-up is a standing clinch position where both fighters grab each other. This close-range engagement occurs when athletes lock arms or hands to control movement. It serves as a starting point for takedowns, throws, and short-range strikes. Fighters use the tie-up to neutralize the opponent’s power by staying very close. Most tie-ups involve controlling

A technical knockout occurs when the referee stops a match for safety. This happens when a fighter can no longer intelligently defend themselves from. It differs from a clean knockout because the athlete is still conscious. The referee observes the fighter’s reactions and physical state to make decisions. Doctors or cornermen can also stop the

A Thai pad is a thick rectangular cushion used for striking training. Trainers hold these pads on their forearms to catch kicks and. They are designed to absorb the massive force generated by professional athletes. Thai pads allow a fighter to practice full-power strikes in a. This equipment is essential for building endurance, power, and

A takedown is a technique used to bring an opponent to the. Fighters use wrestling, judo, or sambo moves to achieve this tactical goal. Common examples include the double leg, single leg, and the high. A successful takedown allows the athlete to start their offensive ground game. Judges award points for takedowns because they show

A tap out is a physical signal used to end a match. The fighter taps their hand repeatedly on the floor or the opponent. This action communicates that the athlete can no longer continue the fight. It usually occurs during a submission hold like a choke or lock. The referee stops the contest immediately once

A T-shirt choke is a submission that uses clothing to restrict the. While common in some traditional arts, it is illegal in professional MMA. Mixed martial arts athletes compete without shirts to prevent these types of. The attacker would use the fabric to create a tight noose around. This technique targets the carotid arteries to

A submission occurs when a fighter forces their opponent to quit the match. This usually happens after a successful joint lock or a tight choke hold. The defensive athlete signals their defeat by tapping the floor or the opponent. This result ends the fight immediately and awards the victory to the attacker. Common submissions include

A sweep is a grappling technique used to reverse a bottom position. The athlete on the bottom uses their legs and arms to flip. This movement results in the bottom fighter ending up in a dominant. Success requires unbalancing the opponent and removing their ability to post a limb. Most sweeps are performed from the

A superman punch is a deceptive strike that involves a faked leg. The fighter leaps forward while throwing their rear leg backward for added momentum. This motion tricks the opponent into thinking a kick is coming their way. The athlete then throws a powerful straight punch with their rear hand instead. This strike allows the

A stockade is a specialized grappling control used to pin an opponent’s upper body. The attacker traps one arm of the adversary while controlling their head simultaneously. This creates a painful and restrictive position that limits the defensive fighter’s movement. It is often used from the side control or the crucifix grappling position. The goal

Stance refers to the fundamental physical position of a fighter while standing. This foundation determines how an athlete moves, strikes, and defends in combat. A good stance provides balance, mobility, and the ability to generate power. Most fighters use either an orthodox or a southpaw stance during matches. The feet are usually shoulder-width apart with

Stand-up refers to the phase of combat where both athletes fight on their feet. This aspect of the match focuses on striking techniques like punches, kicks, and knees. Fighters use footwork and head movement to manage distance and avoid incoming offensive blows. The referee may return the athletes to this position if the ground action

A spinning backfist is a strike delivered with the back of the. The fighter rotates their entire body and swings their arm in arc. This movement uses centrifugal force to generate extreme knockout power on impact. It often catches opponents off guard because it starts from a turn. The strike targets the side of the

A sprawl is a defensive wrestling move used to stop a takedown. The fighter throws their legs back and drops their hips to floor. This action prevents the opponent from grabbing the legs or the hips. The sprawl uses the fighter’s weight to crush the attacker into mat. It is the most important defense against

Sprawl and brawl is a fighting strategy focused on defensive standing combat. The fighter uses their wrestling skills to stop all takedown attempts easily. They then use their striking to punish the opponent from a distance. This style is perfect for powerful strikers who want to stay upright. By sprawling effectively, they force a grappler

A spinning back kick is a powerful strike delivered while rotating away. The fighter turns their back and kicks backward with the rear heel. This rotation generates massive force by using the momentum of the hips. It targets the midsection or the head of the standing opponent in. Because the back is turned, the kick

The southpaw stance is a fighting position for a left-handed combat athlete. The fighter stands with their right foot and right hand forward toward. This placement puts the more powerful left hand and foot in rear. It presents a unique challenge for opponents who are used to orthodox. The angles of the strikes are mirrored,

The spinaroonie is a theatrical breakdance move sometimes seen in fighting. A fighter spins their body on the floor while using their legs. This move is not a functional combat technique and is purely decorative. It is used to entertain the crowd after a victory or break. Because it leaves the fighter vulnerable, it is

A slam is a high-amplitude throw where a fighter lifts their opponent. The athlete then drives the adversary forcefully back down onto the canvas. This move generates massive impact and can cause an immediate knockout victory. Slams often happen when a fighter tries to escape a submission attempt. The referee watches these movements closely to

Smesh is a slang term describing a style of dominant ground fighting. This approach involves relentless pressure and heavy striking on the mat surface. The fighter focuses on pinning the opponent and landing constant damaging blows. It is characterized by a lack of space for the defensive athlete. The attacker stays very heavy and active

A single leg takedown is a wrestling move used to ground an. The attacker dives forward to grab one of the opponent’s standing legs. They use their arms to secure the leg and lift it up. This action disrupts the balance and sends the adversary to the mat. Success depends on keeping the head tight

Shrimping is a basic movement used to create space while on the. The athlete lies on their side and pushes their hips away. This action resembles the curving body of a shrimp in the water. It is the most important defensive skill for escaping from the bottom. Shrimping allows a fighter to move their legs

Side control is a dominant ground position where a fighter is perpendicular. The top athlete places their chest across the opponent’s chest for maximum. This position is very stable and makes it hard for the bottom. The attacker uses their weight and cross-face pressure to pin the adversary. Unlike the mount, the legs are spread

Sinfoni refers to a specific and rare type of choke hold in grappling. This technique involves using the legs to create pressure on the neck area. An athlete applies this submission by trapping the opponent in a specialized leg. It requires significant hip flexibility and precise timing to lock the hold correctly. The move is

A shoulder roll is a defensive boxing move used to deflect punches. The fighter turns their lead shoulder upward to shield the chin and. This motion allows the incoming strike to slide off the curved surface. It is a highly efficient way to defend without using much physical. The rear hand stays high to protect

Shin-to-shin is a grappling connection used to control an opponent’s lead leg. The bottom fighter places their shin directly against the shin of the attacker. This contact creates a physical barrier that prevents the opponent from passing guard. It also serves as a gateway to various sweeps and leg entry. The fighter uses their arms

Shooting describes the explosive action of diving for a takedown on an. The fighter drops their level and drives forward to grab the legs. This movement bridges the gap between striking and grappling ranges during a match. A good shot requires perfect timing to avoid being hit with knees. It is the primary way wrestlers

A scramble describes a fast and chaotic struggle for position on the ground. This occurs when neither fighter has clear control over the other during grappling. Both athletes move quickly to find a dominant spot or to stand up. Scrambles often happen after a failed takedown or a sudden reversal of position. They require excellent

A seatbelt grip is a dominant upper body hold used during back control. The attacker wraps one arm over the shoulder and the other underarm. They lock their hands together in the center of the opponent’s chest area. This grip resembles a vehicle seatbelt and provides a very secure attachment point. It allows the fighter

A scissor sweep is a grappling move used to flip an opponent over. The bottom fighter uses their legs in a motion like a pair of. One leg stays across the chest while the other kicks the bottom leg. This coordinated action unbalances the top fighter and sends them to the mat. The attacker then

S-mount is a high-level grappling position used to control an opponent’s upper body. The top fighter shifts their legs into a shape that resembles the letter. One knee stays tight against the head while the other leg tucks under. This alignment places immense pressure on the chest and ribs of the opponent. It makes breathing

A round is a timed segment of a professional mixed martial arts match. Most standard fights consist of three rounds of five minutes each in duration. Championship bouts and main events typically extend to five rounds for the athletes. A mandatory rest period of one minute occurs between every completed segment of action. During this

Rubber guard is a specialized grappling position that utilizes extreme leg flexibility for control. The bottom fighter pulls one leg high over the shoulder of the opponent. By grabbing their own ankle, the athlete traps the adversary in a tight. This position breaks the posture of the top fighter and limits their strikes. It creates

Ring generalship describes the ability of a fighter to control the match. This includes how an athlete manages the space and pace of combat. Judges look for the competitor who dictates where the fight takes place. A fighter with good generalship keeps the center of the cage effectively. They use footwork to trap the opponent

Rolling thunder is a spectacular somersault kick used in professional combat sports. The fighter flips forward through the air and strikes with their heel. This move generates massive power by using the momentum of the entire. It is a high-risk technique because the fighter lands on their back. If the kick misses, the athlete is

A referee is the official responsible for the safety and conduct of. This person stands inside the cage with the fighters throughout the entire. Their primary job is to ensure both athletes follow the professional rules. The referee stops the fight if a competitor can no longer defend. They also handle fouls by giving warnings

A reversal is a grappling move where the bottom fighter ends on. This occurs when an athlete uses a sweep or a technical. Unlike a simple escape, a reversal completely flips the dominant tactical position. It is highly valued by judges because it shows great skill and. Reversals often happen during scrambles or when the

The rear-naked choke is a powerful submission applied from the back of an. The attacker wraps one arm around the throat while the other arm. By squeezing the biceps and the shoulder, the fighter restricts blood flow. This hold targets the carotid arteries and leads to a very fast. It is considered the most effective

The red corner is one of the two designated areas for fighters. This corner is typically reserved for the higher-ranked athlete or the current. The color serves as a simple way for officials and fans to. During the fight, the athlete returns to this specific corner for every. Coaches and cornermen provide water, medical care,

A question mark kick is a deceptive strike that changes direction in midair. The kick starts looking like a low leg strike or a body. Halfway through the motion, the fighter snaps their leg upward toward the. This change in trajectory tricks the opponent into dropping their hands to. The foot then lands on the

Pressure fighting is a tactical style where an athlete constantly moves forward toward. The goal is to force the adversary into a defensive and reactive state. By closing the distance, the pressure fighter takes away the opponent’s space and time. This relentless advancement often causes the defensive fighter to tire out or make. It requires

Pulling guard is a transition where a fighter intentionally moves to their back. Instead of seeking a takedown, the athlete sits or jumps into a grappling. They use their legs to wrap around the opponent’s waist or hips immediately. This strategy brings the fight to the floor on the terms of the. It is common

Pummeling is the act of fighting for underhooks during a standing clinch battle. Both fighters use their arms to dig inside the armpits of the opponent. This constant movement is a basic drill in wrestling and mixed martial arts. Having double underhooks provides a massive advantage for takedowns and overall body. Pummeling requires fast hands,

Posturing up involves the top fighter lifting their torso while in the guard. This movement creates the necessary space and leverage to land heavy ground strikes. It also helps the attacker defend against certain submissions and leg entanglements. By sitting up tall, the fighter can drive their punches with more. The bottom fighter tries to

Pound-for-pound is a ranking system used to compare fighters across different weight classes. This concept imagines how athletes would perform if they all weighed the exact same. It helps fans and analysts identify the most skilled competitors regardless of physical size. Criteria for these rankings include technical ability, quality of wins, and championship dominance. While

A post is the use of a limb to create a brace. A fighter places a hand or foot on the mat for balance. This brace prevents the athlete from being swept or knocked over easily. Posting is a critical defensive skill during high-speed grappling scrambles on the. It allows a fighter to maintain a

The Peruvian necktie is a specialized submission that combines a choke and crank. The attacker locks their hands around the opponent’s neck from a front position. They then throw their legs over the opponent’s back and head for leverage. This creates a powerful squeeze on the throat and pressure on the spine. It is often

The pocket is the close-range area where both fighters can land strikes easily. When fighting in the pocket, athletes are within arm’s reach of each other. This zone is extremely dangerous because of the high risk of a knockout. Fighters in the pocket must have fast reflexes and excellent head movement skills. It is the

An overlapping grip is a hand-to-hand connection used to secure a grappling hold. The fighter places one hand over the other to lock a specific limb. This grip provides more strength and security than a simple palm-to-palm connection alone. It is commonly used when applying submissions like the kimura or the americana. The overlapping structure

Parrying is a defensive technique used to deflect an incoming strike with hands. The fighter uses a small motion to push the opponent’s punch away safely. This redirection causes the strike to miss the target without using much energy. Parrying is more efficient than a full block because it leaves hands ready. It also creates

An overhook is a grappling grip where a fighter wraps their arm over. This control is also known as a whizzer in the sport of wrestling. The attacker hooks the opponent’s arm and pulls it tight against their own. This move provides excellent defense against single leg and double leg takedown attempts. It also allows

The over-under position is a specific clinch hold involving both arms of the fighters. Each athlete has one arm under the opponent’s arm and one arm over. This creates a neutral and stable position where both participants have equal control levels. Fighters use this tie-up to search for takedowns or to stall the action. It

An overhand right is a powerful looping punch thrown with the rear hand. The punch travels in an arching motion over the top of the opponent’s guard. It is particularly effective against taller opponents who use a long and straight jab. The power comes from a heavy rotation of the hips and the entire torso.

Orthodox describes the most common standing position for a right-handed fighter in combat. An athlete stands with their left foot and left hand forward toward the target. This stance places the more powerful right hand and right foot in the rear. The lead hand functions as the jab while the back hand provides knockout power.

An outside leg kick is a strike targeting the exterior of an opponent’s thigh. The attacker uses their shin to hit the large muscle group of the leg. This strike aims to damage the peroneal nerve and limit the opponent’s mobile footwork. Repeated impact causes significant pain and makes it difficult for the adversary to

Open guard is a grappling position where the bottom fighter’s legs are not. The athlete uses their feet and shins to manage the distance from the. This position offers more mobility and attacking options than a closed defensive guard. The bottom fighter can use their legs to push, pull, or trip. It requires active movement

An omoplata is a grappling submission that uses the legs to lock the shoulder. The attacker wraps their leg around the opponent’s arm and sits up for leverage. This movement creates a powerful twisting force on the shoulder joint of the adversary. It is often set up from the bottom guard when an opponent overextends.

The one-two is a fundamental striking combination consisting of a jab and cross. A fighter throws the lead hand jab followed immediately by the rear hand cross. The jab serves to measure distance and blind the vision of the opponent. The cross provides the knockout power once the path to the target is. It is

An oblique kick is a linear strike directed at the area just above the knee. The fighter pushes their foot forward in a stomping motion toward the opponent’s leg. This strike is designed to disrupt the advance of an aggressive attacking adversary. Impacting the thigh just above the joint can cause the knee to buckle

The octagon is the eight-sided fenced enclosure where professional mixed martial arts matches occur. This specific shape prevents any fighter from getting stuck in a corner during combat. The walls consist of a metal chain-link fence covered with a protective vinyl coating. Padded posts and floor mats ensure the safety of athletes during high-impact falls.

A no contest is an official ruling where a match ends without a winner. This usually occurs when an accidental foul prevents a fighter from continuing the bout. If the injury happens early in the fight, the result becomes a no contest. This means the match is stricken from the win and loss records of

North-south position is a ground grappling situation where fighters lie in opposite directions. The top fighter places their chest on the opponent’s chest with their head toward feet. This alignment creates a t-shaped or parallel configuration on the floor of the cage. It is a very stable position that makes it difficult for the bottom

The Muay Thai clinch is a standing grappling position used to control an opponent’s head. A fighter locks their hands behind the adversary’s neck to pull the head downward firmly. This control allows the attacker to deliver powerful knee strikes to the body or head. It is often called a double collar tie due to

A neck crank is a grappling submission that applies painful pressure to the cervical spine. The attacker uses their arms or legs to twist or bend the opponent’s neck. This force creates intense discomfort and can lead to serious injury if not released. Unlike a choke, the primary goal is to manipulate the joints of

A mouthpiece is a protective device worn over the teeth during a professional combat match. This equipment absorbs the shock from heavy strikes to the jaw and the face area. It prevents the upper and lower teeth from crashing together with dangerous force. Wearing this shield significantly reduces the risk of broken teeth or deep

Modified mount is a variation of the dominant top grappling position. The top fighter shifts their weight to one side to control an. This move often happens when the person on bottom tries to turn. It is also known as the S-mount due to the leg shape. The attacker places one knee high by the

The mount is a dominant ground position where a fighter sits on the opponent’s torso. The top athlete straddles the waist and pins the adversary to the canvas with their weight. This position allows the attacker to land heavy strikes or hunt for various submissions easily. Gravity helps the top fighter generate massive power while

A medical suspension is a mandatory period of rest for a professional. State athletic commissions issue these orders after a fight to ensure athlete. The length of the suspension depends on the severity of injuries sustained. A fighter with a knockout loss will receive a longer mandatory rest. No athlete can compete or sometimes even

A minor foul is a less severe violation of the fighting rules. These actions usually involve accidental infractions or small tactical errors during a. Examples include grabbing the fence, holding the opponent’s shorts, or accidental low. While not as dangerous as major fouls, they still disrupt the match. The referee typically gives a warning before

A mandatory eight count is a rule used in some specific combat. It requires the referee to count to eight when a fighter is. This gives the athlete time to recover from a knockdown or heavy. The official observes the fighter’s eyes and balance to ensure they can. If the fighter cannot continue by the

A low kick is a strike delivered to the thigh or calf area. The attacker uses their shin to hit the leg of the standing opponent. These kicks are designed to damage the muscles and disrupt the opponent’s balance. Repeated low kicks can make it difficult for a fighter to move or. A damaged leg

The main card refers to the final and most important fights of. These bouts feature the highest-ranked athletes and the primary championship title matches of. Television networks and streaming services broadcast these fights during the peak viewing hours of. Usually, the main card consists of five or six high-profile professional combat matches. Fans pay a

A major foul is a serious violation of the rules during a match. These actions are strictly prohibited to ensure the safety of the competing athletes. Examples include eye gouging, biting, or striking an opponent in the groin area. Purposely throwing an opponent out of the cage is also a major foul. The referee has

A liver shot is a precise strike to the right side of the body. The liver sits just below the ribs and is very sensitive to impact. A clean punch or kick to this organ causes an immediate physical collapse. The body’s nervous system reacts by slowing down the heart rate and breathing. Most fighters

A level change occurs when a fighter quickly lowers their hips toward the floor. This movement is the primary setup for most wrestling takedowns during a match. By dropping their height, the attacker can get underneath the opponent’s defensive strikes. A fast level change often precedes a double leg or a single leg. It forces

A leg lock is any submission technique that targets the lower limbs of. This category includes attacks on the ankles, the knees, and the hip joints. Fighters use leverage to twist or extend these joints beyond their natural limits. Common examples of leg locks include the ankle lock, kneebar, and heel hook. These moves are

Leg reach measures the total length from the hip to the heel of an athlete. This physical metric determines how far a fighter can strike with their kicks effectively. A longer leg reach allows an athlete to land strikes while staying at distance. This advantage makes it harder for shorter opponents to get close for

A leg triangle is a grappling submission that uses the legs to choke. The attacker wraps their legs around the neck and one arm of the opponent. By crossing the ankles, the fighter creates a tight triangular shape with their limbs. This position squeezes the carotid arteries on both sides of the opponent’s neck. The

The lead hand is the hand located in the front of a fighter’s stance. This hand is responsible for throwing jabs, lead hooks, and lead uppercut strikes. It stays closer to the opponent to measure distance and provide a defensive. The lead hand acts as a sensory tool to feel for the opponent’s. It is

A leg lace is a grappling technique used to trap and control legs. The attacker weaves their own legs or arms through the opponent’s lower limbs. This entanglement prevents the defensive fighter from moving their hips or standing back up. It is a common setup for various leg lock submissions like the heel hook. By

Lay and pray is a slang term for a specific defensive grappling strategy. This occurs when a top fighter holds their opponent down without attacking or advancing. The athlete on top focuses entirely on maintaining position to avoid a stand up. They provide just enough activity to prevent the referee from breaking the two fighters.

The lead foot is the foot positioned closest to the opponent in a stance. For an orthodox fighter, the left foot serves as the primary lead foot. A southpaw fighter places their right foot forward to face their standing opponent. This foot provides the foundation for the lead hand strikes and forward movement patterns. Its

A knockout happens when a fighter loses consciousness due to a legal strike or impact. The referee stops the contest immediately to protect the safety of the unconscious athlete. This result ends the match and awards the victory to the striking participant. High-impact strikes to the head are the most common cause of this fight

A lateral drop is a high-amplitude throw used in wrestling and mixed martial arts. The attacker uses the opponent’s forward pressure to launch them over the side of the body. This throw requires the attacker to step deep and sit back toward the floor. As they fall, they use their hips and arms to toss

A knockdown occurs when a strike forces a fighter to the floor of the cage. The athlete must touch the canvas with any part of the body besides the feet. This usually happens after a clean punch or kick lands on the chin or temple. A knockdown indicates that a strike caused a temporary loss

The kimura is a powerful shoulder lock submission that uses a figure-four grip. This technique is named after a famous martial artist who used it effectively. The attacker grabs the opponent’s wrist and loops their other arm behind the elbow. This creates a strong mechanical advantage to twist the arm behind the back. The resulting

A kneebar is a grappling submission that targets the knee joint of an opponent. The attacker isolates the leg and straightens it between their own thighs. This position allows the fighter to arch their hips against the back of the knee. This pressure forces the joint to extend beyond its natural range of motion. The

A kneestrike is a powerful blow delivered using the kneecap or surrounding leg area. This strike is exceptionally effective during close-range combat and within the clinch position. Fighters drive the knee upward or across to target the head, ribs, or thighs. The hardness of the knee bone makes it a devastating weapon for any striker.

A joint lock is a grappling technique that isolates a specific body joint. The attacker applies pressure to the joint to move it beyond its limit. This force causes intense pain and will eventually lead to a physical break. Most joint locks target the elbows, shoulders, knees, ankles, or wrists of opponents. Fighters must tap

A judges’ scorecard is a document used to record the points for each. Three ringside officials evaluate the performance of both fighters during every individual round. They use a ten-point must system to determine the winner of each period. The winner of a round receives ten points while the loser gets nine. Dominant rounds or

The jab is a straight punch thrown with the lead hand from guard. It is the most used strike in all of professional combat sports. This punch is fast and covers a short distance to reach the target. Fighters use the jab to measure distance and set up harder strikes. It also serves as a

An inside trip is a wrestling takedown that involves hooking the opponent’s leg. The attacker steps between the opponent’s feet and wraps their leg around the calf. This motion trips the adversary while the attacker pushes forward with their chest. It is a highly effective move from a clinch or a body lock. The trip

An interim title is a temporary championship belt awarded during a specific period. This occurs when the current champion is unable to compete for many months. Injuries or personal leaves often trigger the creation of an interim championship bout. The winner of this belt becomes the next challenger for the undisputed title. This system keeps

Hooks refer to the placement of the feet and legs during back control. A fighter secures hooks by sliding their feet inside the opponent’s inner thighs. This positioning allows the attacker to stay attached to the opponent’s back movement. These leg grips prevent the defensive fighter from turning around or sliding away. Without hooks, maintaining

An inside leg kick is a strike delivered to the inner thigh area. The fighter uses their shin or foot to hit the opponent’s lead leg. This strike disrupts the balance and timing of the person being hit repeatedly. Because the inner thigh is sensitive, these kicks cause significant pain and bruising. Repeated impact can

The hook is a powerful punch that travels along a curved or horizontal path. A fighter throws this strike by bending the elbow at a ninety-degree angle. The power comes from the rotation of the hips and the lead foot pivot. This punch targets the side of the jaw, the temple, or the body. It

A hip escape is a fundamental movement used to create space while on the ground. It is often called shrimping because of the body’s curved shape during the move. The athlete lies on their side and pushes off with one foot on the floor. This push allows them to slide their hips backward and away

A hip toss is a grappling throw that uses the hip as a fulcrum. The attacker pulls the opponent across their body while stepping deeply with one leg. This movement elevates the adversary over the hip to send them to the floor. Most fighters use an overhook or a headlock to secure the necessary upper

A head kick is a high strike delivered with the foot or the shin. The fighter aims for the side of the head or the neck area. This technique requires great flexibility and balance to execute with speed and precision. A successful head kick often results in an immediate knockout due to the force. Fighters

The heel hook is a submission hold that applies intense twisting pressure to the heel. This rotation forces the knee and ankle joints into a very dangerous position. It is one of the most feared leg locks in all of grappling. The attacker traps the opponent’s leg between their own legs and grabs the foot.

A haymaker is a wide and powerful punch thrown with maximum force and momentum. The fighter swings their arm in a large arc to generate extreme impact power. This punch usually travels a long distance before reaching the target on the opponent. While very destructive, the haymaker is also slow and easy for experts to

A head butt is a strike where an athlete uses their skull to hit. This move involves slamming the forehead into the face or chest of the opponent. Most modern mixed martial arts organizations strictly ban this technique during professional sanctioned bouts. The impact can cause deep cuts or broken bones for both involved combatants.

A hammerfist is a strike delivered with the bottom fleshy part of a closed fist. The motion resembles the swinging of a hammer against a hard surface or object. Fighters use this strike most effectively when they have an opponent pinned on the mat. The downward trajectory allows the athlete to generate significant force using

Hand fighting is the process of using hands and arms to control an opponent’s limbs. This tactical battle happens during standing exchanges, clinch work, or grappling on the ground. Athletes seek to clear the hands of the adversary to create a clean opening. Controlling the wrists or elbows allows a fighter to dictate the direction

Half guard is a grappling position where one fighter traps one leg of the opponent. This position sits between a full guard and having the guard passed completely across. The bottom athlete uses their legs to pinch a single leg of the top fighter. This entanglement provides a base to launch sweeps or move back

The guillotine choke is a powerful submission hold that targets the neck of an opponent. A fighter applies this technique by wrapping one arm around the throat of the adversary. This wrap creates a shape similar to the blade of an old execution device. The attacker then clasps their hands together to tighten the squeeze

Ground game describes all techniques and strategies used when athletes fight on the floor. This phase of combat begins once a takedown or a knockdown occurs during a match. Fighters use various grappling arts like Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and wrestling to control their opponents. Controlling the top position allows an athlete to strike or hunt for

A guard passer is a fighter who attempts to move past an opponent’s legs. The guard serves as a primary defensive barrier for the person on the bottom. Passing involves navigating around or between these legs to reach a dominant top position. This process requires precise balance and strong pressure to break the opponent’s defensive

Grappling range describes the distance where fighters can grab or clinch each other. This range occurs closer than normal striking distance. Fighters can reach the opponent’s body or arms easily here. Strikes become shorter due to limited space. Grappling techniques such as clinches often begin in this range. Fighters may attempt takedowns once this distance

Ground and pound describes a strategy where a fighter strikes while controlling an opponent on the ground. The attacking fighter holds a dominant top position. From that position punches or elbows target the opponent below. Strong balance helps maintain control during the strikes. Fighters often deliver short powerful punches repeatedly. The bottom fighter attempts to

Grappling hook describes a leg hook used to control an opponent during grappling exchanges. The fighter wraps a foot or leg around the opponent’s leg. This hook helps control balance and restrict movement. Fighters often use hooks during back control positions. The hooks anchor the attacker behind the opponent’s body. Strong hooks prevent the opponent

Gogoplata describes a submission choke that uses the shin pressed across the opponent’s throat. The attacking fighter usually performs the move from guard position. One leg moves upward across the opponent’s neck area. The shin then presses tightly against the throat. The fighter pulls the opponent’s head downward simultaneously. This motion increases pressure on the

Grappling describes the close combat techniques used to control or submit an opponent. Fighters use holds locks and positioning during grappling exchanges. The action usually occurs when competitors stand close or fight on the ground. Grappling focuses on control rather than striking attacks. Fighters attempt takedowns to bring opponents to the ground. Once grounded fighters

Gassing out describes a situation where a fighter becomes extremely fatigued during a fight. The fighter loses energy and struggles to maintain performance. Heavy breathing often appears as stamina declines rapidly. Fatigue can reduce striking power and movement speed. Grappling control may also weaken during exhaustion. Fighters sometimes gas out after using excessive energy early.

Gatekeeper describes a fighter who tests newcomers against established competition levels. This fighter competes regularly against rising contenders. Defeating a gatekeeper often signals readiness for higher competition. The role helps separate developing fighters from top contenders. Gatekeepers usually possess strong experience and consistent skills. They may not always hold championship positions. However they remain difficult

Full mount describes a dominant ground position where a fighter sits on the opponent’s torso. The top fighter places knees on both sides of the opponent’s body. This position allows strong control over the opponent’s movement. The bottom fighter lies on the back beneath the attacker. Balance and posture help maintain control during the position.

Gable grip describes a hand connection where both palms press together without interlocking fingers. Fighters place one palm against the other tightly. Fingers wrap around the sides of the opposite hand. This grip creates strong pressure and stability during grappling. Wrestlers commonly use the grip for controlling opponents. The grip helps maintain holds during takedowns

Front headlock describes a grappling control where a fighter holds the opponent’s head from the front. The attacker wraps one arm around the opponent’s neck area. The head usually stays tucked beneath the attacker’s arm. Fighters often control the opponent’s arm with the other hand. This position limits the opponent’s posture and movement. Strong downward

Front kick describes a straight kick delivered forward using the ball or heel of the foot. The fighter lifts the knee upward before extending the leg forward. This motion drives the foot directly toward the target. Fighters often aim the strike at the opponent’s stomach or chest. The kick can also target the face if

Frame describes a defensive structure created using the arms or legs for space. The fighter places a forearm or hand against the opponent body. This structure pushes the opponent away slightly during grappling. Creating space helps prevent the opponent from advancing position. Frames often appear when fighters defend against top pressure. The forearm may press

Flying knee describes a jumping strike where a fighter drives the knee forward midair. The fighter pushes off the ground using strong leg force. This jump lifts the body toward the opponent quickly. While airborne the fighter thrusts the knee toward the target. The strike usually aims at the opponent’s head or upper body. Momentum

Footwork describes the movement of a fighter’s feet during striking or grappling exchanges. Good footwork controls distance and positioning inside the cage. Fighters step forward backward or sideways to adjust range. Proper steps maintain balance during offensive and defensive actions. Strong footwork allows quick direction changes during exchanges. Fighters avoid crossing their feet while moving.

Finger tape describes athletic tape wrapped around a fighter’s fingers for support. Fighters apply the tape before entering the competition area. The tape helps stabilize small joints within the fingers. Strong support reduces the risk of finger injuries during grappling. Fighters frequently grip wrists arms and clothing during exchanges. These actions place stress on finger

Fish hooking describes an illegal action where a fighter pulls the opponent’s mouth using fingers. The fingers enter the mouth and hook inside the cheek. Pulling force attempts to control or injure the opponent. This action violates safety rules within mixed martial arts competition. Officials strictly prohibit the technique during fights. Referees may stop the

Flurry describes a rapid series of strikes thrown in quick succession. Fighters launch multiple punches or kicks within a short moment. The goal involves overwhelming the opponent with constant attacks. Speed becomes more important than single strike power during a flurry. Opponents may struggle to defend every strike quickly. Fighters often use flurries when sensing

Feint describes a deceptive movement used to trick an opponent into reacting early. Fighters pretend to attack without completing the strike. This fake motion causes the opponent to respond defensively. Once the opponent reacts an opening may appear. Fighters then launch the real attack toward the new opening. Feints can involve punches kicks or level

Ezekiel choke describes a submission choke that compresses the opponent neck using forearm pressure. The attacking fighter wraps one arm around the opponent’s neck area. The other hand grips the sleeve or forearm for support. This grip tightens the choking pressure across the throat. The forearm presses firmly against the opponent’s neck. Fighters usually apply

Face crank describes a submission that twists the opponent’s head using strong grip pressure. The attacker grips the opponent’s jaw or face area firmly. Pulling pressure forces the head to rotate sideways. This twisting motion creates intense discomfort and neck strain. Fighters apply the hold mainly during ground grappling positions. The technique often appears while

Drifting describes a subtle footwork movement where a fighter shifts position slowly during exchanges. The fighter glides slightly to the side or backward. This movement occurs without large visible steps. Drifting helps maintain distance from an advancing opponent. The motion keeps the fighter balanced while adjusting position. Fighters use drifting to stay outside dangerous striking

Duck under describes a grappling movement where a fighter lowers the head beneath an opponent arm. The motion allows the fighter to slip behind the opponent’s side or back. Fighters bend the knees and lower their level during the movement. Quick timing helps the head pass under the opponent’s arm safely. The fighter then circles

Double underhooks describes a clinch position where one fighter places both arms under the opponent arms. The attacker wraps arms upward beneath the opponent armpits. Hands usually connect behind the opponent back for control. This grip lifts and controls the opponent upper body posture. Strong underhooks prevent the opponent from lowering their arms effectively. Fighters

Deflection describes a defensive action that redirects an incoming strike away from its target. The defending fighter uses hands or forearms to guide the strike aside. The movement changes the path of the opponent attack. Redirecting the strike reduces the chance of direct impact. Fighters often combine deflection with head movement or footwork. Quick reactions

Dirty boxing describes close-range striking delivered during clinch grappling exchanges. Fighters remain chest to chest while controlling each other arms. Short punches land while both competitors maintain the clinch. These punches travel small distances but carry strong impact. Fighters often target the head during these exchanges. Strong grip control helps create small openings for strikes.

Double leg takedown describes a wrestling technique where a fighter grabs both opponent legs. The attacker lowers level before moving forward quickly. Both arms wrap around the opponent thighs during the entry. Strong forward drive pushes the opponent off balance. The attacker continues driving until the opponent falls to the ground. Head position usually presses

Default describes a situation where a fighter loses because participation requirements remain unmet. Officials declare the result without the fight occurring normally. This situation may happen if a competitor fails to appear. Medical disqualification before the bout may also cause a default. Missing required weigh-in conditions could produce the result. Regulatory authorities confirm the circumstances

De La Riva guard describes a ground guard position using a hook around the opponent leg. The bottom fighter lies on the back facing the opponent. One leg wraps around the outside of the opponent’s lead leg. This hook controls balance and movement during grappling exchanges. The other leg remains free for pushing or framing

Decision describes a fight result determined by judges after all rounds finish. Judges observe the contest from different positions around the cage. Each judge evaluates effective striking grappling and control. Scoring occurs round by round during the fight. Fighters earn points through successful actions and dominance. After the final round judges submit their scorecards. Officials

Deep half guard describes a ground guard position where the bottom fighter moves beneath the opponent. The bottom fighter positions the body under one opponent leg. This angle places the fighter partly under the opponent torso. Control focuses on the trapped leg and hip movement. The bottom fighter hugs the opponent leg tightly for balance

Cutting weight describes the process fighters use to reduce body weight before a weigh-in. Fighters temporarily lower body mass to meet division limits. The process usually occurs during the final days before competition. Diet adjustments reduce food intake leading into the weigh-in period. Controlled water intake may also assist temporary weight reduction. Athletes often increase

D’Arce choke describes a submission choke that compresses the opponent neck using arm pressure. The attacking fighter threads one arm under the opponent neck and arm. The hand then connects with the opposite arm to form a lock. This grip tightens pressure around the opponent neck area. Shoulder pressure helps close space around the choke.

Crucifix describes a ground control position where one fighter traps both opponent arms. The attacker positions the body across the opponent upper torso sideways. One opponent arm becomes pinned beneath the attacker body weight. The attacker controls the second arm using the legs or hands. This position leaves the opponent unable to defend effectively. Fighters

Crank describes a submission that twists or bends a joint beyond its normal range. The attacker applies pressure using leverage and body positioning. This pressure causes pain and threatens joint injury. Fighters usually apply cranks during ground grappling situations. Neck cranks and spinal twists represent common examples. These moves bend the body in uncomfortable directions.

Cross describes a straight punch thrown with the rear hand. The punch travels directly toward the opponent’s head or body. Fighters rotate the hips and shoulders during the strike. This rotation transfers power through the punching arm. The rear foot often pivots slightly during the motion. Pivoting helps generate additional striking force. The cross usually

Cross-face describes a grappling pressure technique using the forearm across the opponent’s face. The attacker places the forearm against the opponent’s cheek area. Pressure pushes the head sideways away from the body. This movement weakens the opponent’s defensive positioning. Fighters commonly apply cross-face pressure from top control positions. The technique helps flatten the opponent onto

Cradle describes a grappling control where a fighter traps the opponent head and leg together. The attacker wraps one arm around the opponent’s head. The other arm controls a leg on the same side. Both grips connect tightly to lock the opponent’s body. This hold compresses the opponent posture and movement. Fighters often apply the

Counter-striking describes a fighting strategy focused on attacking after an opponent begins an attack. The fighter waits for openings created during the opponent’s movement. Opponents often leave gaps while throwing strikes forward. Counter-strikers react quickly to exploit those openings. Timing plays a major role in this strategy. Fighters must recognize attacks the moment they begin.

Counterpunch describes a punch thrown immediately after defending an opponent’s attack. The punch follows a defensive action such as slipping or blocking. Fighters use the opponent’s forward motion to create an opening. Quick reaction allows the punch to land during that opening. Timing remains the most important element of the technique. Fighters must recognize the

Closed stance describes a standing position where both fighters keep the same lead side forward. Each competitor places the same foot closest to the opponent. This alignment creates a mirrored stance during striking exchanges. Fighters often maintain similar angles while facing each other. The position influences how punches and kicks travel toward targets. Certain strikes

Cornerman describes a team member who supports a fighter during competition. The cornerman stands in the fighter’s assigned corner area. Responsibilities include giving advice between rounds. The cornerman also helps the fighter recover during breaks. Water towels and equipment come from the corner area. Instructions focus on strategy and defensive adjustments. Cornermen observe the fight

Closed guard describes a ground position where the bottom fighter locks legs around the opponent waist. The bottom fighter lies on the back while controlling the opponent. Both legs cross behind the opponent’s lower back area. This leg lock limits the opponent’s ability to move freely. Fighters use the position to control distance during grappling

Circle out describes a movement where a fighter steps sideways to escape pressure. The motion moves the fighter away from the cage or opponent control. Fighters pivot on the lead foot while stepping laterally across space. This movement changes the angle between both competitors quickly. Creating a new angle reduces the opponent’s attacking opportunities. Fighters

Clinched describes a position where both fighters hold each other closely during standing grappling. The fighters grip arms shoulders or the body for control. This close contact reduces space for long distance strikes. Fighters often deliver short punches or knees during the clinch. Balance becomes important while controlling the opponent’s posture. Strong grips prevent the

Checking the kick describes a defensive technique used to block incoming leg kicks. The defender lifts one leg to meet the opponent’s strike. The raised shin absorbs the impact of the kick. This contact protects the thigh or calf from damage. Fighters turn the knee slightly outward during the check. Proper angle strengthens the blocking

Chicken wing describes a shoulder control hold that bends the opponent arm behind the back. The attacker traps the arm while controlling the shoulder joint. This position limits the opponent’s ability to move freely. Fighters often apply the hold during ground grappling exchanges. Strong grip control keeps the arm pinned behind the body. Pressure on

Chambering describes the motion of lifting the knee before extending a kick. The fighter raises the leg while keeping the foot near the body. This position prepares the leg for several possible kicks. Chambering helps disguise the final kicking direction. Opponents cannot easily predict the strike from the raised position. Fighters maintain balance on the

Check hook describes a counter punch thrown while moving away from an advancing opponent. The fighter steps sideways or backward during the punch. The hook punch travels across the opponent’s forward path. This motion uses the opponent’s forward momentum against them. Proper timing allows the strike to land during the advance. Fighters rotate the hips

Catching the kick describes a defensive move where a fighter grabs an opponent’s kicking leg. The defender reacts quickly as the kick approaches. Both hands secure the leg after the kick lands or misses. Strong grip control prevents the opponent from retracting the leg. Catching the leg briefly removes the opponent’s balance. Fighters often use

Catchweight describes a fight scheduled at a weight outside standard division limits. Both fighters agree to compete at the special weight. The agreed weight appears in the fight contract beforehand. This arrangement allows flexibility for unusual match situations. Fighters must still meet the agreed weight during the weigh-in. The catchweight sits between two official weight

Can opener describes a neck crank that pulls the opponent’s head forward during grappling. The attacker places both hands behind the opponent’s head. Strong pulling force bends the neck toward the chest. This pressure causes discomfort and weakens defensive posture. Fighters usually attempt the move from inside the opponent’s guard position. Pulling the head forward

Canvas describes the padded floor surface inside the fighting area. The surface covers the base structure of the cage or ring. Padding beneath the canvas helps absorb impact during falls. Fighters land on this surface during takedowns or knockdowns. The material usually contains durable fabric stretched tightly across padding. Event organizers keep the surface clean

Calf slicer describes a submission hold that compresses the opponent’s lower leg muscle. The attacker traps the opponent leg across the shin or thigh area. Pressure increases as the attacker squeezes the leg tightly. The compression creates intense pain within the calf muscle. The hold also stresses the knee joint during the squeeze. Fighters apply

Butterfly guard describes a grappling guard position using hooks placed inside the opponent thighs. The bottom fighter sits upright while controlling the opponent upper body. Both feet hook inside the opponent legs from the inside. These hooks help lift or off-balance the opponent. Fighters use this guard to control distance during ground grappling. The seated

Cage control describes a fighter’s ability to manage position and movement near the cage wall. Fighters use forward pressure and footwork to guide opponents toward the cage boundary. The cage limits backward movement and reduces escape space during exchanges. Strong cage control allows a fighter to dictate where the fight occurs. Pressure against the fence

Calf kick describes a low kick that targets the opponent’s lower leg muscle area. The strike usually lands on the outside or inside of the calf. Fighters swing the shin toward the opponent leg with quick motion. Hip rotation generates power during the kicking movement. Repeated calf kicks can weaken leg movement and balance. The

Bull-rush describes an aggressive forward charge designed to overwhelm an opponent quickly. The attacking fighter moves forward with continuous pressure. Rapid steps close the distance between both competitors. Fighters throw punches while advancing during the rush. The sudden pressure can surprise defensive opponents. Close distance prevents opponents from setting up longer strikes. Fighters often combine

Broadcasting describes the process of transmitting a fight event to viewers through media systems. Cameras capture the action inside the competition area. Production teams manage video and audio signals during the event. These signals travel through television or online streaming networks. Viewers watch the contest in real time from remote locations. Multiple cameras record different

Buggy choke describes a submission choke performed from the bottom grappling position. The attacking fighter traps the opponent arm beside the neck. One leg loops around the opponent upper body during the setup. The fighter then locks the legs tightly to form pressure. This position squeezes the opponent neck between arm and leg. Strong compression

Brazilian kick describes a deceptive high kick that changes direction during the motion. The leg begins rising like a body kick initially. Opponents often lower their guard to block the expected body strike. The kicking leg then continues upward toward the head. This sudden path change surprises many defenders. The shin or foot usually lands

Break describes a referee command that separates fighters during close contact. The command occurs when action becomes stalled or unsafe. Fighters must immediately stop striking after hearing the command. Both competitors then step away from each other quickly. The referee physically separates them if needed. This reset creates space for continued action. Break commands often

Bout agreement describes the official contract that confirms a scheduled fight between competitors. Promoters and fighters approve the terms before the event date. The agreement includes weight limits for the contest. Both competitors must meet those limits during the weigh-in. The document also specifies the number of rounds scheduled. Fight duration and round length appear

Brawling describes a fighting style that relies on aggressive close-range striking exchanges. Fighters using this style push forward with constant pressure. The approach focuses on heavy punches rather than technical distance control. Short powerful strikes dominate these close engagements. Fighters often stand within tight range during exchanges. Quick punches and hooks commonly appear in this

Bolo punch describes a looping punch delivered with a wide circular arm motion. The fist travels in a sweeping path before reaching the target. Fighters rotate the shoulder strongly to power the punch. This rotation adds speed and force to the strike. The unusual path can bypass traditional straight punch defenses. Fighters sometimes drop the

Bout describes a single organized fight between two competitors inside a combat sport event. Officials schedule the bout before the competition begins. Each bout includes a specific number of timed rounds. Fighters compete under established rules during those rounds. A referee supervises the action inside the competition area. Judges observe the bout to evaluate scoring

Body triangle describes a grappling control where a fighter locks legs around the opponent torso. One leg crosses over the opposite ankle to form a triangle shape. The locked legs squeeze tightly around the opponent midsection. This pressure restricts breathing and movement during grappling exchanges. Fighters usually apply the hold from back control position. Strong

Bolo describes a striking motion where the arm swings in a wide circular path before striking. Fighters rotate the shoulder and elbow to create the looping motion. The strike travels upward or across the opponent guard unexpectedly. The unusual motion can confuse defensive reactions during exchanges. Fighters sometimes exaggerate the swing to disguise the final

Body lock describes a clinch grip where a fighter wraps both arms around the opponent torso. The arms usually connect behind the opponent back for tight control. This grip limits the opponent movement during close grappling exchanges. Fighters use the hold to control balance and positioning. Strong grip pressure prevents the opponent from separating easily.

Body shot describes a strike aimed at the opponent torso instead of the head. Fighters usually target the ribs stomach or solar plexus area. The solar plexus sits near the center of the upper abdomen. Strikes to that region can disrupt breathing temporarily. Punches commonly deliver body shots during close striking exchanges. Fighters rotate the

Blue corner describes one of two designated fighter positions inside the competition area. Each fighter receives a specific corner before the match begins. One corner uses blue color while the other uses red color. Officials assign fighters to these corners for identification purposes. The fighter standing in the blue corner wears blue gloves or markings.

Bob and weave describes a defensive head movement used to avoid incoming punches. The fighter bends the knees to lower the head position. The head moves side to side while dipping slightly downward. This motion causes punches to miss the intended target. Continuous movement makes the head difficult to strike cleanly. Fighters maintain balance while

Blast double describes an explosive takedown where a fighter drives forward at the opponent legs. The attacker lowers level quickly before initiating forward movement. Both arms wrap around the opponent legs during the entry. Powerful leg drive pushes the opponent backward off balance. The attacker continues driving until the opponent falls to the ground. Speed

Bloody show describes visible bleeding that appears on a fighter during a match. The blood usually comes from cuts around the face area. Punches elbows or accidental clashes often cause those cuts. Blood may appear on the skin or drip during exchanges. Ringside officials monitor bleeding closely during the fight. Excessive bleeding can interfere with

Ballistic strike describes a fast explosive strike delivered with maximum speed and force. The movement relies on rapid muscle contraction and full body coordination. Fighters generate power by rotating hips and shoulders quickly. That rotation transfers energy through the arm or leg. The strike travels in a sudden burst toward the target. Speed often prevents

Belly-to-belly suplex describes a grappling throw that lifts and flips an opponent backward. The attacker faces the opponent directly before initiating the throw. Both arms wrap tightly around the opponent waist area. Strong grip control prevents the opponent from escaping the hold. The attacker bends the knees to lower body position first. Leg drive then

Backtake describes a grappling movement where a fighter moves behind the opponent to gain back control. The attacker circles or slips around the opponent shoulders during a scramble. Quick movement places the attacker directly behind the opponent torso. Fighters aim to reach this position because it offers strong control advantages. The attacker often places legs

Baiting describes a tactical action where a fighter intentionally invites an opponent attack. The fighter briefly exposes an opening to encourage a predictable reaction. That opening appears real but actually sets up a counter opportunity. Opponents often strike when they notice the apparent weakness. The baiting fighter prepares a response before the attack begins. Quick

Back mount describes a dominant ground position where a fighter controls the opponent from behind. The controlling fighter places both legs around the opponent waist area. Those legs hook inside the opponent thighs for strong control. Fighters call those hooks important anchors for maintaining position. The attacker chest stays tight against the opponent back. Tight

Back solo describes a solo training movement that practices reaching the opponent back position. The drill develops coordination for circling behind an opponent quickly. Fighters perform the motion without a training partner. The athlete imagines an opponent standing in front. Footwork circles around the imaginary opponent side. The body lowers slightly to maintain grappling balance.

Axe kick describes a downward striking kick that targets the opponent head or shoulders. The attacker lifts one leg high above the body first. The raised leg then drops sharply downward like a chopping motion. The heel usually lands on the target area. Gravity and leg strength create powerful downward force. Fighters must maintain balance

Back fist describes a strike that hits using the back side of the fist. The arm swings outward in a quick snapping motion. Fighters rotate the shoulder and hips to add striking speed. The knuckles on the back side contact the target. Fast rotation creates surprising impact despite short travel distance. Many fighters throw the

Armbar describes a submission that hyperextends the elbow joint using leg and hip control. The attacker isolates one opponent arm between the legs. The hips press upward while the legs control the opponent body. That motion forces the elbow joint beyond its normal straight position. Excess pressure threatens serious elbow damage. Fighters therefore submit before

Arm triangle choke describes a submission that compresses the neck using shoulder and arm pressure. The attacker traps one opponent arm beside the neck. That trapped arm helps squeeze the neck arteries tightly. Fighters connect their hands to lock the choking structure. Shoulder pressure pushes the opponent arm deeper against the neck. The attacker head

Ankle pick describes a takedown that removes balance by grabbing the opponent ankle. The attacking fighter pushes the opponent upper body backward using strong hand pressure. The opposite hand reaches down and captures the opponent ankle. Quick lifting motion pulls the ankle away from the ground. Removing that support point breaks the opponent balance immediately.

Arm drag describes a grappling movement that pulls an opponent arm across the body. The motion exposes the opponent side and back position. Fighters grab the wrist or triceps to start the movement. A quick pulling motion drags the arm across the attacker body. The opponent shoulders rotate because the arm moves across the centerline.

Americana describes a shoulder lock submission applied during ground grappling exchanges. The fighter controls an opponent arm while forcing the shoulder joint into painful rotation. The technique uses a bent arm position that resembles a square shape. One hand grips the opponent wrist while the other hand controls the elbow. Pressure increases when the elbow

Anaconda choke describes a submission choke that compresses the opponent neck using the arms. The attacking fighter wraps one arm under the opponent neck and arm. The grip connects hands together to tighten the choking structure. Chest pressure pushes the opponent shoulder toward the neck. That pressure reduces blood flow through the neck arteries. Reduced