Sports Terms

The full twist dismount involves a back flip with one complete rotation. The gymnast releases the bar and turns three hundred sixty degrees in air. This skill is performed at the very end of the bars routine. The gymnast must land on the mat with the feet together firmly. One gymnast stuck the landing of

The double twist dismount involves a back flip with two complete rotations. The gymnast rotates seven hundred twenty degrees around the body axis in air. This skill requires immense power and very fast twisting speed to finish. The gymnast releases the bar at the peak of the final swing. One athlete performed a double twist

The Gienger involves a back flip with a half turn after releasing bar. The gymnast swings backward and performs the flip while turning the body. This skill requires catching the bar again while facing the opposite direction. High flight is essential to complete the flip and the half turn. One athlete showcased a high Gienger

A release to handstand happens when a gymnast jumps between the two bars. The gymnast leaves one bar and catches the other in a handstand. This skill requires perfect aim and a very strong core to hold. The body must stay in a straight line during the entire flight. One gymnast performed a release to

The Shaposhnikova involves a transition from the low bar to the high bar. The gymnast circles the low bar and flies backward to the high bar. This skill requires a powerful push to reach the higher wooden rail. The gymnast catches the high bar in a front support or handstand. One competitor performed this transition

The Tkatchev involves a backward swing and a straddle flight over the high bar. The gymnast releases the bar and flies backward before catching it again. This skill creates a spectacular visual as the gymnast leaps over the wood. High speed in the giant swing provides the power for the backward launch. One athlete performed

The Jaeger involves a forward flip performed after releasing the high bar. The gymnast swings forward and lets go to perform a front salty. Most gymnasts use a straddle or pike position during the aerial flight. The gymnast must catch the bar again to continue the gymnastics routine. One gymnast landed a clean Jaeger during

The Healy twist involves a full rotation of the body during a handstand swing. The gymnast turns three hundred sixty degrees while supported by only one arm. This skill happens very quickly as the gymnast moves through the vertical position. Excellent shoulder stability helps the gymnast balance during the fast one arm turn. One competitor

The Pak salto is a transition move from the high bar to low. The gymnast performs a backward flip while moving between the two wooden rails. This skill requires the gymnast to catch the low bar in a catch. The body remains in a straight layout position during the entire aerial flight. One gymnast performed

The Stalder circle involves a full rotation around the bar in a straddle position. The gymnast starts in a handstand and drops into a wide leg shape. This skill requires the hips to stay close to the wooden bar during flight. Great core strength allows the gymnast to pull back into a tall handstand. One

The vault pike involves a flip where the gymnast bends only at the hips. The legs stay perfectly straight while the torso folds toward the long lower limbs. This shape looks like a folding knife as the gymnast rotates through the air. The gymnast must grasp the back of the thighs to hold the pike

The giant swing is a fundamental skill performed on the uneven bars in gymnastics. The gymnast starts in a handstand and swings the body around the high bar. The body stays completely straight as it moves in a full circular motion. Gravity helps the gymnast gain speed as the body falls toward the floor. One

The vault layout refers to a flip performed with the body completely straight. The gymnast does not bend the knees or the hips during the aerial phase. This position is much harder than a tuck because a long body rotates slowly. The gymnast must run at top speed to gain the power for this vault.

The back tuck vault involves a backward flip performed in a tightly bunched position. The gymnast usually enters this vault using a roundoff and a back handspring motion. After leaving the table, the gymnast pulls the knees into the chest very quickly. This compact shape increases the speed of the backward rotation through the air.

The Arabian full twist involves a half turn entry followed by a complex flip. The gymnast performs a half twist into a back flip with another full rotation. This creates a total of one and a half turns during the aerial phase. Exceptional air awareness allows the gymnast to manage the multiple changes in body

The front tuck vault requires the gymnast to flip forward in a bunched position. The gymnast runs fast and hits the springboard to launch toward the vaulting table. After a forward handspring, the gymnast pulls the knees toward the chest in air. This tucked shape allows the body to rotate much faster than a straight

The Tsukahara full twist starts with a sideways handspring entry onto the vaulting table. The gymnast then performs a back flip while rotating once around the long axis. This skill combines backward flipping momentum with a complete three hundred sixty degree turn. Powerful leg muscles drive the gymnast off the springboard to reach the necessary

The Arabian layout vault begins with a forward entry or a half turn entry. The gymnast performs a half twist into an immediate backward flip in layout position. This skill looks like a forward flip but uses backward rotation for the landing. High levels of spatial awareness help the gymnast track the floor during the

The Tsukahara layout starts with a sideways handspring entry onto the vaulting table. The gymnast then transitions into a back flip while keeping the body completely straight. This position requires immense core strength to prevent the hips from bending during flight. Speed from the runway translates into the height needed to finish the back rotation.

A vault handspring back layout is a backward flipping vault skill. The gymnast performs a front handspring entry onto the vaulting table. The athlete then pushes off and performs a backward flipping motion. During the flight phase the body remains perfectly straight and stiff. No part of the legs or hips bends during the rotation.

The Yurchenko full twist involves a roundoff entry and a back handspring onto the table. The gymnast then performs a back flip with one complete rotation around the body axis. This skill requires high speed during the initial run to generate enough upward power. A gymnast must keep the body perfectly straight during the entire

A roundoff layout full twist is a backward spinning flip pass. The gymnast performs a roundoff to gain speed and backward moving power. The athlete then jumps into a backward flip with straight legs. While in the layout position the gymnast spins one full circle. This skill requires the gymnast to keep the entire body

A vault handspring front layout is a forward vaulting skill move. The gymnast runs and jumps onto the springboard with high speed. The athlete places both hands on the vault table and pushes. While in flight the body rotates forward in a straight line. No bending at the hips or the knees occurs during rotation.

A floor exercise front somersault is a forward flip with tucked knees. The gymnast runs or jumps forward to gain speed and power. While in the air the athlete pulls the knees toward chest. The body rotates forward for one complete circle before the landing. The gymnast must grab the shins to hold the tuck

A floor exercise side somersault is a sideways flip with tucked knees. The gymnast jumps and rotates the body toward the side in air. The athlete pulls the knees toward the chest to spin the body. This move happens over the shoulder rather than forward or directly backward. This flip shows the unique coordination and

A floor exercise back somersault is a backward flip with tucked knees. The gymnast pushes off the floor and jumps high into the air. While in flight the athlete pulls the knees toward the chest tightly. The body rotates backward in a circular shape for one full turn. This move is a fundamental building block

A floor exercise wolf jump is a jump in a seated shape. The gymnast jumps from both feet and reaches the peak in air. While in flight the athlete bends one knee tightly toward the chest. The other leg stays perfectly straight and points out to the side. This seated position occurs while the gymnast

A floor exercise front layout full twist is a forward spinning flip. The gymnast jumps forward and keeps the entire body perfectly straight and stiff. While flipping forward the athlete rotates three hundred sixty degrees in air. No bending at the hips or the knees occurs during the flight. This skill requires the gymnast to

A floor exercise straddle jump is a jump with legs wide apart. The gymnast jumps off both feet and reaches for the high peak. While in the air the athlete splits the legs to the sides. The legs must reach a horizontal level to form a wide V. This jump requires the gymnast to have

A floor exercise tuck jump is a vertical jump with the knees lifted. The gymnast pushes off both feet to reach a high peak in air. While in flight the athlete pulls the knees tightly toward the chest. The body forms a small ball shape for a brief moment of time. The gymnast then extends

A floor exercise pike jump is a vertical jump with straight legs. The gymnast pushes off the floor and jumps high into the air. While upside right the athlete folds at the waist with straight legs. The legs must reach a horizontal level parallel to the floor mat. The hands usually reach forward to touch

A floor exercise cat leap is a jump with knees. The gymnast jumps from one foot and lifts the knees. Each knee must reach the chest in a quick motion. This movement mimics a cat pouncing through the air forward. The gymnast then lands on the original or other foot. This jump shows the coordination

A floor exercise jeté is a leap between two feet. The gymnast brushes one leg forward and then jumps high. The athlete switches the weight to the other foot in. While in the air the legs reach a split. This movement looks like a large stride through the air. The gymnast lands on the leading

A floor exercise arabesque is a pose with one leg back. The gymnast stands on one straight leg on the floor. The athlete lifts the other leg straight behind the body. This leg must stay perfectly straight without any knee bend. The gymnast keeps the chest upright and the arms extended. This pose creates a

A floor exercise chasse is a sliding step with a skip. The gymnast steps forward and brings the back foot forward. The back foot meets the front foot in a jump. Both feet touch briefly in the air before the front steps. This movement helps the gymnast build speed for larger jumping moves. The athlete

A floor exercise attitude is a pose on one single leg. The gymnast stands on one leg and lifts the other. The lifted leg is bent at the knee and turned. This position can be held while standing or during a turn. The gymnast must keep the torso tall and the head. This pose shows

A floor exercise switch ring leap is a leap with switch. The gymnast swings one leg forward and then switches it back. While jumping the athlete bends the back leg toward the head. This motion creates a ring shape with the body in flight. The gymnast also arches the back and lifts the chest high.

A floor exercise sissone is a jump from two feet to one. The gymnast pushes off the mat with both legs at once. While in flight the athlete splits the legs into a V. One leg moves forward and the other leg moves back. The gymnast then lands on the front leg with balance. This

A floor exercise ring leap is a jump with a back bend. The gymnast jumps off one foot and splits the legs. The back leg curls toward the head to form a circle. At the same time the athlete arches the back deeply. This position resembles a ring shape while floating over the floor. The

A floor exercise switch leap is a jump where legs change. The gymnast swings one leg forward and then switches it back. This movement happens quickly while the athlete is high in the air. The legs then reach a full split position with straight knees. This skill is harder than a regular leap due to

A floor exercise wolf leap is a jump in a seat shape. The gymnast jumps from one foot and bends one knee tightly. The other leg stays perfectly straight and points out to side. This seated position occurs while the athlete is high in flight. The gymnast must keep the chest up and the head

A punch back is a backward flip from a jump. The gymnast jumps off both feet with a very fast motion. The athlete then rotates backward in a tucked or straight shape. This move uses the spring of the floor for vertical lift. The gymnast does not use hands during this specific flipping move. It

A floor exercise split leap is a large jump from one foot. The gymnast pushes off the ground and extends both legs into air. The legs must form a straight line that reaches horizontal level. This movement shows the flexibility and the leaping power of the athlete. The gymnast then lands on the front foot

A punch front is a forward flip from a jump. The gymnast runs and jumps off both feet at once quickly. The athlete then rotates forward in a tucked or piked shape. This move is called a punch due to the fast takeoff. The gymnast uses the rebound from the mat for high height. This

A double front tuck is a move with two forward flips. The gymnast jumps forward and rotates for two complete circles in air. While flipping, the athlete pulls the knees toward the chest tightly. The hands grasp the shins to hold the tuck shape very fast. This move is difficult because the gymnast cannot see

A double pike is a move with two backward flips. The gymnast jumps high and rotates backward for two full circles. While flipping, the athlete folds at the waist with straight legs. The hands grasp the back of the legs to hold shape. This move requires more power than a tuck because of length. The

A double back tuck is a move with two backward flips. The gymnast jumps high and rotates backward for two full circles. While in the air, the athlete pulls the knees toward chest. The gymnast must hold the tuck very tightly to spin fast. This move happens in a single jump before the athlete lands.

A double back layout is a move with two straight flips. The gymnast performs two complete backward rotations in one single jump. The athlete keeps the body perfectly straight during both of the flips. No bending at the hips or the knees occurs in flight. This move requires an immense amount of power and vertical

A front tuck full twist is a forward spinning flip move. The gymnast jumps forward and pulls the knees toward the chest tightly. While flipping forward, the athlete rotates one full circle in the air. This move requires the gymnast to spin while the floor is hidden. The athlete must hold the tuck shape while

A roundoff back handspring tuck is a common backward tumbling sequence. The gymnast performs a roundoff followed by a fast back handspring move. This combination provides the necessary power for a backward tucked somersault flip. While in the air, the athlete pulls the knees toward the chest. The gymnast must hold the tuck position tightly

A roundoff back tuck full twist is a spinning backward flip. The gymnast performs a roundoff to create speed and backward moving power. The athlete then jumps into a backward flip with the knees tucked. While rotating backward, the gymnast also spins one full circle sideways. This skill requires the athlete to manage two different

A floor exercise side aerial is a sideways flip without using hands. The gymnast pushes off one leg and rotates the body toward the side. This move resembles a cartwheel performed entirely in the air without hand support. The athlete must stay in a wide split position during the flight phase. This skill requires the

A roundoff back handspring layout is a three-part tumbling pass on floor. The gymnast starts with a roundoff to gain backward speed and momentum. The athlete then performs a back handspring to increase the upward power. This leads into a backward flip with a perfectly straight body shape. No bending at the hips or the

A floor exercise front aerial is a forward flip without hands. The gymnast pushes off one leg and rotates forward in air. During flight, the athlete holds a split position with straight legs. No part of the hands or arms touches the mat surface. The gymnast lands on one foot followed by the other foot.

A balance beam attitude is a pose on one single leg. The gymnast stands on one leg and lifts the other leg. The lifted leg is bent at the knee and turned out. This position can be held while standing still or during turns. The gymnast must keep the torso tall and the head up

A balance beam arabesque is a pose with one leg back. The gymnast stands on one straight leg on the narrow beam. The athlete lifts the other leg straight behind the body in air. This leg must stay perfectly straight without any bend in knee. The gymnast keeps the chest upright and the arms extended

A balance beam chasse is a sliding step with a skip. The gymnast steps forward and then brings the back foot forward. The back foot meets the front foot in a small jump. Both feet touch briefly in the air before the front steps out. This movement helps the gymnast build speed for larger jumping

A balance beam wolf jump full twist is a spinning jump. The gymnast jumps into the air in a seated wolf jump shape. While in this position, the athlete spins one full circle sideways. The gymnast must complete the three hundred sixty rotation before the landing. This move requires the athlete to maintain the leg

A balance beam sissone is a jump from two feet to one. The gymnast pushes off the beam with both legs at once. While in flight, the athlete splits the legs into a V. One leg moves forward and the other leg moves directly back. The gymnast then lands on the front leg with total

A balance beam wolf jump is a jump in a seated shape. The gymnast jumps into the air and bends one knee tightly. The other leg stays perfectly straight and points out to the side. This seated position happens while the athlete is high in the air. The gymnast must keep the torso upright and

A balance beam ring leap is a jump with a back bend. The gymnast jumps off one foot and splits the legs in air. The back leg curls toward the head to form a circle. At the same time, the athlete arches the back and tilts head. This position resembles a ring shape while floating

A balance beam switch ring leap is a leap with a switch. The gymnast swings one leg forward and then switches it back. While jumping, the athlete bends the back leg toward the back of head. This motion creates a ring shape with the body during the leap. The gymnast also arches the back and

A balance beam layout full twist is a straight backward flip with a spin. The gymnast jumps backward and keeps the entire body in a long line. During the flip, the athlete rotates three hundred sixty degrees in the air. No part of the hands or arms touches the beam during flight. This skill requires

A balance beam switch leap full twist is a complex dance move. The gymnast jumps and swings one leg forward to start the motion. The athlete then switches the legs in midair to reach a split. While in the split position, the gymnast spins one full circle sideways. This move combines a high leap with

A balance beam front layout is a straight forward flip. The gymnast jumps forward and keeps the whole body very long. No part of the hands or arms touches the beam during flight. The athlete rotates forward in a straight line before the landing. This skill requires a large amount of forward power and height.

A front handspring step-out is a forward flip with the hands. The gymnast runs or jumps forward and places hands on beam. The athlete then pushes off the hands and flips the legs over. This move ends with the gymnast landing on one foot first. The second foot follows quickly to complete the forward moving

A balance beam back layout is a straight backward flip. The gymnast jumps backward and keeps the entire body perfectly straight. No part of the hands or arms touches the beam surface. The athlete rotates through the air in a long and stiff line. This move is much harder than a back tuck or pike.

A balance beam roundoff is a sideways move that ends backward. The gymnast performs a half turn through a handstand position on beam. The athlete pushes off the hands to land on two feet. This move turns the gymnast around to face the opposite direction. It provides the backward power needed for more difficult tumbling

A back handspring step-out is a backward flip with the hands. The gymnast jumps backward and places both hands on the balance beam. The athlete then pushes off the hands and flips the legs over. Instead of landing on two feet, the gymnast lands one foot. This allows the gymnast to continue moving smoothly into

A balance beam side aerial is a sideways flip without hands. The gymnast jumps and rotates the body toward the side in air. The athlete performs a complete circle while staying in a split position. Both hands remain in the air during the entire sideways flipping motion. The gymnast then lands on one foot and

A balance beam front aerial is a forward flip without hands. The gymnast pushes off one leg and rotates forward over the beam. The athlete holds a split position while the body is upside down. No part of the hands or arms touches the beam during flight. The gymnast must rely on leg power and

A balance beam back aerial is a backward flip without hands. The gymnast jumps backward and rotates the body in a split shape. No part of the hands or arms touches the beam during flight. The athlete must use the legs to jump high and rotate quickly. This skill requires the gymnast to trust their

A rings planche is a difficult horizontal hold with straight arms. The gymnast supports the body weight while the torso is parallel to floor. The legs extend straight back and do not touch the ground at all. The athlete leans forward to balance the weight over the hands and rings. This move requires extreme shoulder

A rings press to handstand is a slow lift into a vertical position. The gymnast starts in a support or L-sit and moves upward. The athlete uses pure muscle power rather than a swing to lift. The body moves through a wide straddle or a tucked leg shape. The move ends when the gymnast reaches

A rings L-sit is a strength hold where the body forms a letter L. The gymnast supports the body with straight arms on the hanging rings. The athlete lifts the legs until they are parallel to the floor. The legs must stay perfectly straight and pressed together during the hold. The gymnast must keep the

A rings swing to handstand is a vertical movement skill. The gymnast swings the body back and forth on the rings. During the backward swing, the athlete pulls the body into handstand. The body must reach a perfectly straight and vertical position. The gymnast must hold the handstand still on the moving rings. This move

A rings swing to dismount is the final exit move. The gymnast swings on the rings to gain high momentum. At the peak of the swing, the athlete releases the rings. During flight, the gymnast performs a flip or a twist. The move ends when the athlete lands on the floor. This skill marks the

A rings back lever is a horizontal hold facing down. The gymnast hangs from the rings with the body perfectly straight. The athlete holds the body parallel to the floor with chest down. The arms stay straight and are pulled behind the back. This move shows the strength of the lower back and shoulders. The

A rings front lever is a horizontal hold facing up. The gymnast hangs from the rings with the body straight. The athlete holds the body parallel to the floor with chest up. The arms stay straight and are pulled down toward the hips. This position requires immense core and back pulling strength for stability. The

A rings iron cross is a strength hold with arms wide. The gymnast holds the body vertical between the two hanging rings. The arms are extended directly to the sides in a line. This move creates the shape of a cross with the body. The gymnast must hold this position still for two full seconds.

A rings Maltese cross is a horizontal strength hold position. The gymnast holds the body parallel to the floor in air. The arms are spread wide to the sides like a cross. The body remains straight from the head down to the toes. This move is harder than an iron cross due to leverage. The

A rings inverted cross is a vertical hold performed upside down. The gymnast holds a handstand and then lowers the arms wide. The body stays perfectly vertical while the arms move to sides. This position looks like an iron cross done while upside down. The gymnast must hold the body still for two full seconds.

A parallel bars Healy to handstand is a spinning movement. The gymnast starts from a handstand and drops into a swing. During the swing, the athlete performs a full turn on one arm. The gymnast then pushes back up into a vertical handstand position. This move requires the athlete to maintain a high swing speed.

A parallel bars stutz is a swinging turn to a handstand. The gymnast swings forward and pushes off the bars into air. While in flight, the athlete rotates the body one half turn. The gymnast then catches the bars in a straight handstand position. This move shows the coordination and the explosive power of the

A parallel bars Diamidov is a turn performed in a handstand. The gymnast starts in a handstand on both of the bars. The athlete releases one hand and rotates the body one circle. The gymnast performs this full three hundred sixty turn on one arm. This move requires incredible balance and very high upper body

A parallel bars back uprise is a skill used to reach support. The gymnast swings the body backward while hanging from the wooden bars. As the legs rise, the athlete pulls the chest above the bars. The move ends with the gymnast in a straight arm position. This skill allows the athlete to transition from

A parallel bars swing to handstand is a vertical move. The gymnast swings the body between the two long wooden bars. As the legs swing upward, the athlete reaches a handstand. The body must stay perfectly straight and still for a moment. This skill shows the power and the balance of the athlete. The gymnast

A parallel bars front uprise is a way to lift. The gymnast hangs from the bars and swings the body forward. As the legs swing up, the athlete pulls the chest high. The gymnast ends the move in a straight arm support position. This move requires a lot of upper body pulling strength. It allows

A pommel horse side circle is a circle done sideways. The gymnast stands with the side of the body toward horse. The athlete performs circles while the body remains in this side position. The hands are placed together on the leather or the pommels. This move requires a different type of balance than front circles.

A pommel horse handstand mount is a way to start. The gymnast jumps from the floor into a full handstand position. The athlete places the hands on the pommels or the leather. From the handstand, the gymnast lowers the body into a circle. This move shows the strength and the balance of the performer. It

A pommel horse scissor to handstand is a difficult transition move. The gymnast starts with a scissor move where the legs cross. Instead of staying low, the athlete swings the legs toward the ceiling. The gymnast reaches a full handstand position on top of horse. This move combines a basic swing with a very high

A pommel horse Sivado is a backward traveling move across the horse. The gymnast performs circles while moving from one end to the other. The athlete travels in a backward direction while the legs rotate around. This skill requires the gymnast to shift the hands with great care. The athlete must maintain a high hip

A pommel horse Sivado to flare is a very complex connection. The gymnast travels backward across the horse while performing regular circles. Immediately after the travel, the athlete opens the legs into flairs. This move combines a backward travel with a difficult split circle. The gymnast must change the leg shape without losing any momentum.

A pommel horse Magyar is a forward traveling move across the horse. The gymnast performs circles while moving from one end to the other. The athlete travels in a forward direction while the legs rotate around. This skill is named after a famous gymnast from the country Hungary. It requires the gymnast to shift the

A pommel horse spindle is a circle where the body also spins. The gymnast performs a regular circle while rotating the entire body sideways. This move involves a full or half turn during a single circle. The athlete must change hand positions quickly to allow the body spin. This skill shows the coordination and the

A pommel horse traveling circle is a move where the gymnast moves sideways. The athlete performs circular leg swings while shifting the hands along the horse. This movement requires the gymnast to travel from one end to the other. The body must stay in a straight line while rotating around the arms. This skill shows

A pommel horse Thomas flair is a circle performed with split legs. The gymnast swings the legs in a wide and open V shape. This move looks like the athlete is performing a high-speed floor dance. The legs must clear the horse by a large distance in flight. This skill requires the gymnast to have

A Russian wendeswing is a circular move on the pommel horse. The gymnast rotates the body across the top of the horse. This move is performed while the athlete faces the long horse. The gymnast moves the hands in a specific pattern to travel. This skill involves spinning the body while staying in a support.

A vault tuck twist is a vault with a tucked spin. The gymnast pushes off the table and performs a tucked flip. While in the air, the athlete spins one full circle sideways. The knees stay pulled toward the chest during the entire rotation. This move is more compact than a straight or piked vault.

A vault layout twist is a vault with a straight spin. The gymnast pushes off the table and flips with a straight body. While in the air, the athlete performs a full vertical spin rotation. The body does not bend at the hips or the knees. This move creates a long and elegant line during

A vault pike twist is a vault with a folded spin. The gymnast pushes off the table and performs a pikes flip. While upside down, the athlete adds a full vertical spin rotation. The gymnast keeps the legs straight but folds at the waistline. This shape is held while the body spins through the air.

A front handspring double twist is a forward move with two spins. The gymnast performs a front handspring and jumps into a forward flip. While in the air, the athlete spins seven hundred twenty degrees around. This move requires the body to stay in a straight layout position. The athlete must rotate forward while spinning

A back handspring double twist is a backward move with two spins. The gymnast performs a back handspring and jumps into a back flip. While rotating backward, the athlete spins seven hundred twenty degrees in air. The body must stay perfectly straight during the two full vertical circles. This move requires the gymnast to maintain

A Tsukahara full twist is a vault with a turn and spin. The gymnast performs a quarter turn onto the table to start rotation. The athlete then pushes off the vault into a backward flipping motion. While in the air, the gymnast spins one full three hundred sixty circle. The body remains in a straight

A Yurchenko double twist is a vault with two full spins. The gymnast performs a roundoff onto the board and a back handspring. The athlete then pushes off the table into a straight back flip. While in the air, the gymnast spins seven hundred twenty degrees around. This move requires the athlete to keep the

A double pike is a move with two backward flips in a pike position. The gymnast jumps high and rotates backward for two complete circles in air. While flipping, the athlete folds at the waist with perfectly straight legs. The hands usually grasp the back of the thighs to hold the shape. This move requires

An Arabian double twist is a move with a half turn and flips. The gymnast starts by jumping backward and performing a quick half twist. This motion turns the athlete to face forward for the remaining flips. The gymnast then completes two forward flips while in a tucked position. This skill combines backward power with

A Barani full twist is a forward flip with a specific spin. The gymnast jumps forward and performs a half-flipping motion with a twist. This move is often called a Barani when the twist is early. The athlete then adds a full three hundred sixty degree spin rotation. This skill results in the gymnast landing

A double tuck is a move with two tucked backward flips. The gymnast jumps high and rotates backward for two full circles. While in the air, the athlete pulls the knees toward chest. The gymnast must hold the tuck very tightly to spin fast. This move happens in a single jump before the athlete lands.

A double layout is a move with two straight backward flips. The gymnast performs two complete backward rotations in one single jump. The athlete keeps the body perfectly straight during both of the flips. No bending at the hips or the knees occurs in flight. This move requires an immense amount of power and vertical

A front layout twist is a forward flip with a spin. The gymnast jumps forward and keeps the body perfectly straight and long. While flipping forward, the athlete rotates the body sideways one full turn. The gymnast does not bend the knees or the hips in flight. This skill requires a large amount of forward

A back layout twist is a backward flip with a spin. The gymnast jumps backward and keeps the entire body in a line. While rotating backward, the athlete spins the body one full circle sideways. This move is performed without any tucking or piking of the legs. The gymnast must maintain a very stiff and

A back somersault full twist is a backward flip with a spin. The gymnast jumps into the air and rotates the body backward. During this flip, the athlete also performs a full three hundred sixty spin. The gymnast usually holds the knees in a tight tuck position. This move combines backward momentum with a fast

A roundoff layout full twist is a tumbling pass with spinning. The gymnast performs a roundoff to gain speed and backward power. The athlete then jumps into a backward flip with a straight body. While in the layout position, the gymnast spins one full circle sideways. This skill requires the gymnast to keep the entire

A front somersault full twist is a forward flip with a spin. The gymnast jumps forward and pulls the knees toward the chest tightly. While the body flips forward, the athlete rotates one full circle sideways. This skill requires the gymnast to manage two different types of rotation. The athlete must hold the tuck shape

A back aerial is a backward flip performed without using hands. The gymnast jumps backward and rotates the body in a split shape. No part of the hands or arms touches the floor during flight. The athlete must rely entirely on leg power for the upward lift. This skill requires the gymnast to trust their

A side somersault full twist is a sideways flip with a spin. The gymnast jumps into the air and rotates the body sideways. While flipping, the athlete also performs a three hundred sixty degree turn. This move is very rare and requires a high level of skill. The gymnast must coordinate the side rotation with

A side aerial step-out is a sideways flip without hands. The gymnast jumps and rotates the body toward the side. The athlete performs a complete circle while staying in a split. Both hands remain in the air during the entire sideways movement. The gymnast then lands on one foot and then the other. This skill

A front aerial step-out is a forward flip without using hands. The gymnast pushes off one leg and rotates the body forward. During flight, the athlete holds a split position with straight legs. The gymnast lands on one foot followed by the other foot. This move looks like a front walkover performed entirely in the

An aerial walkover is a flip performed without using hands. The gymnast jumps forward or backward and rotates the entire body. The athlete stays in a split position while upside down. No part of the arms or hands touches the floor. This move looks like a cartwheel or walkover done in air. It requires the

A front layout step-out is a forward flip with straight legs. The gymnast jumps forward and keeps the whole body very long. The athlete rotates forward and lands on one foot at once. The other leg stays extended to create a walking motion. This move looks like the gymnast is stepping through the air. It

A layout step-out is a backward flip with split legs. The gymnast jumps into the air and keeps the body straight. Instead of landing on two feet, the athlete lands one foot. The legs move into a small split shape during the flip. This move is very common on the narrow balance beam surface. It

A back layout step-out twist is a spinning backward flip. The gymnast jumps backward and keeps the body in a line. The athlete spins while flipping and lands on one foot only. This skill combines a layout flip with a partial sideways rotation. The step-out landing allows the gymnast to connect to more moves. This

A front tuck full twist is a forward spinning flip. The gymnast jumps forward and pulls the knees toward the chest. While flipping forward, the athlete spins three hundred sixty degrees around. This move requires the gymnast to rotate in two different ways. The athlete must hold the tuck shape while the body spins. This

A front handspring layout is a forward tumbling move with flips. The gymnast runs forward and performs a fast front handspring first. The athlete then jumps into a forward flip with straight legs. The body remains in a long line during the entire rotation. This skill shows the forward power and the control of the

A roundoff back tuck twist is a flip with spinning. The gymnast performs a roundoff to gain backward speed and power. The athlete then jumps into a backward flip with tucked knees. While the body rotates backward, the gymnast also spins one circle. This move combines flipping and twisting in a very short time. The

A floor exercise dance series is two or more jumps together. The gymnast performs these movements to music without any tumbling skills. This series focuses on the grace and the flexibility of the athlete. Each jump or leap must connect smoothly to the next one. The gymnast must show a wide range of motion in

A back handspring layout is a combination of two backward moves. The gymnast starts with a back handspring to build backward speed. The athlete then jumps into a flip with a straight body. No bending at the hips or the knees occurs during flight. This skill requires the gymnast to maintain a very stiff posture.

Floor exercise tumbling is a series of fast flips and jumps. The gymnast runs across the mat to gain power and speed. This movement involves rotating the body backward or forward in the air. The athlete uses the hands or feet to push off the floor. Tumbling shows the explosive strength and the bravery of

A floor exercise pass is a row of tumbling skills. The gymnast runs across the large mat to gain high speed. The athlete then performs a series of flips and also twists. Most passes start with a roundoff and a back handspring. This combination provides the power needed for the big final flip. The gymnast

A floor exercise leap is a large jump across the mat. The gymnast runs and pushes off one foot for the leap. While in the air, the athlete creates a wide leg shape. This move shows the flexibility and the grace of the gymnast. The athlete must travel a long distance through the air. A

A balance beam acro series is two or more flips together. The gymnast performs these skills one after another without any pause. These moves must involve a flight phase to count as acro. The athlete connects the skills to build a high difficulty score. This series is often the most exciting part of the routine.

A balance beam dismount is the final flip off the beam. The gymnast travels to the end of the beam for takeoff. The athlete jumps off the wood and performs a flip move. While in the air, the gymnast may also add a twist. The move ends when the athlete lands on the floor mat.

A balance beam turn is a spin on one foot on the beam. The gymnast stands on the ball of the foot and rotates. The athlete can spin one, two, or three full circles around. One leg often stays in a specific shape during the spin. The gymnast must keep the body vertical to stay

A balance beam mount is the way a gymnast starts a routine. The athlete begins on the floor and jumps onto the beam. This movement can be a simple jump or a complex flip. The gymnast must land on the four inch surface with balance. This first move sets the tone for the entire beam

A balance beam leap is a jump from one foot to another. The gymnast pushes off the beam and splits the legs in flight. Both legs should reach a horizontal position to form a line. The gymnast then lands on the front foot with total control. This move shows the flexibility and the leaping power

An uneven bars dismount is the final move to leave the bars. The gymnast swings around the bar to build up a large momentum. The athlete releases the bar at the peak of the back swing. During the flight, the gymnast performs a flip or a twist move. The move ends when the gymnast lands

An uneven bars release is a move where a gymnast lets go of the bar. The athlete swings with high speed and releases the grip to fly. While in the air, the gymnast performs a flip or a twist. The athlete must then catch the same bar or a different bar. This skill shows the

An uneven bars transition is a move between the high and low bars. The gymnast travels from one bar to the other during the routine. This movement can go from the low bar to the high bar. The athlete can also move from the high bar to the low. These moves create a flowing and

A vault Yurchenko is a vault that starts with a roundoff. The gymnast runs and performs a roundoff onto the springboard mat. This motion means the gymnast hits the board while facing backward. The athlete then performs a back handspring onto the vaulting table. From the table, the gymnast pushes off into a backward flip.

A vault handspring is a basic move where the gymnast flips forward. The gymnast runs down the runway and jumps onto the springboard. The athlete places both hands on the vault table and pushes off. While in the air, the body rotates forward in a straight line. The gymnast completes a half flip and lands

A vault Tsukahara is a vault that starts with a turn. The gymnast runs and jumps toward the vaulting table with speed. The athlete performs a quarter or half turn before touching hands. This turn allows the gymnast to push off into a back flip. Usually, the gymnast tucks the knees during the backward rotation

A Yurchenko layout is a vault that involves a backward entry. The gymnast performs a roundoff onto the springboard to start the move. The athlete then does a back handspring onto the vaulting table. From the table, the gymnast pushes off into a straight back flip. The body remains perfectly straight and does not tuck

A Tsukahara layout is a vault with a sideways entry and flip. The gymnast runs fast and performs a half turn onto the table. This motion puts the gymnast in a position to flip backward. The athlete then pushes off the vault into a straight back flip. No bending at the hips or the knees

A roundoff layout is a tumbling pass that ends in a flip. The gymnast performs a roundoff to gain speed and backward power. Immediately after the roundoff, the athlete jumps into a backward flip. The gymnast keeps the body perfectly straight and stiff during the flip. No bending at the hips or the knees occurs

A front somersault is a forward flip where the knees are tucked. The gymnast runs or jumps forward to gain speed and upward power. While in the air, the athlete pulls the knees toward the chest. The body rotates forward for one complete circle before the landing happens. The gymnast must grab the shins to

A side somersault is a sideways flip performed on the balance beam. The gymnast jumps into the air and rotates the body toward the side. This move requires the athlete to tuck the knees toward the chest. The rotation happens over the shoulder rather than forward or directly backward. This skill is unique because the

A back somersault is a backward flip where the knees are tucked. The gymnast pushes off the floor and jumps high into the air. While in flight, the athlete pulls the knees toward the chest tightly. The body rotates backward in a circular shape for one full turn. This move is one of the first

A back layout full twist is a backward flip with a spin. The gymnast jumps into the air and keeps the entire body straight. While flipping backward, the athlete rotates three hundred sixty degrees in the air. The body does not bend at the hips or the knees during flight. This move looks like a

A front pike is a forward flip where the body folds at the waist. The gymnast jumps off both feet and rotates forward in the air. While upside down, the athlete keeps both legs straight and pressed together. The chest and the thighs stay close to create a sharp V shape. This position requires the

A wolf jump full twist is a spinning jump in a seated position. The gymnast jumps into the air and sits back with one leg tucked. The other leg stays straight and extends directly out to the side. While in this sitting shape, the athlete spins one full circle. The gymnast must complete the three

A back pike is a backward flip performed with straight legs. The gymnast jumps into the air and rotates their body toward the back. While upside down, the athlete folds at the waist to touch the toes. The legs must stay perfectly straight and pressed together during the whole flip. This shape resembles the letter

A ring leap is a jump where a gymnast bends their back leg. The athlete jumps off one foot and splits the legs in the air. The back leg curls toward the head to form a circular shape. At the same time, the gymnast arches their back and tilts the head. The front leg stays

A switch ring leap is a jump where the legs change positions. The gymnast starts by swinging one leg forward into the air quickly. They then swing that same leg back while jumping off the other foot. During the flight, the back leg bends toward the head in a ring. The front leg stays straight

An attitude is a position where a gymnast stands on one bent leg. The athlete lifts the other leg and bends it at a clear angle. This lifted leg stays turned out so the knee points toward the side. The gymnast can hold this position while standing still or during a turn. A slight bend

An arabesque is a position where a gymnast stands on one straight leg. The athlete lifts the other leg straight behind the body into the air. This back leg must stay perfectly straight without any bend in the knee. The gymnast keeps the chest upright and the arms extended for better balance. The lifted leg

A jeté is a leap where a gymnast moves from one foot to another. The athlete brushes one leg forward into the air to start the jump. The second leg pushes off the floor to propel the body upward and forward. While in flight, the gymnast extends both legs into a full horizontal split. One

A chasse is a sliding step where one foot literally chases the other foot. The gymnast steps forward with one leg and then brings the back leg forward. The back foot meets the front foot in the air during a small skip. Both feet touch briefly before the front foot steps out again into the

A sissone is a jump from two feet that lands on one foot only. The gymnast pushes off the floor with both legs to create vertical height. While in the air, the athlete splits the legs into a wide V shape. One leg moves forward while the other leg extends directly behind the body. The

A cat leap is a jump where a gymnast lifts each knee toward the chest. The athlete starts the move from one foot while the other leg rises quickly. One knee must reach a high position before the second leg follows the motion. Both knees bend sharply in the air to mimic the movement of

A split jump is a vertical jump with legs separated front and back. The gymnast stands upright before takeoff. Arms swing downward then upward quickly. Feet push strongly off the floor surface. Legs open into a front split midair. Knees remain straight during flight. Toes point to create clean lines. The torso stays lifted and

A punch front is a forward flip from two feet takeoff. The gymnast rebounds quickly from previous skill. Both feet contact the floor together. Legs push explosively without extra steps. Arms swing upward to build lift. The body rises into forward rotation. Knees may tuck during flight. Core muscles control spin speed. Eyes locate the

A punch back is a backward flip from two feet takeoff. The gymnast rebounds from a previous skill. Both feet strike the floor together. Legs push forcefully into the air. Arms swing upward to generate lift. The body rises before rotating backward. Knees may tuck during rotation. Core muscles regulate spin speed. Eyes track the

A front layout is a straight body forward flip. The gymnast begins with strong upward jump. Arms swing upward to create lift. Legs push forcefully off the floor. The body rises before rotating forward. Legs remain straight throughout rotation. Hips stay extended without bending. Core muscles maintain tight alignment. Shoulders guide smooth flipping motion. Eyes

A roundoff back layout is a connected tumbling combination. The gymnast begins with a forward run. A roundoff creates strong backward rebound. Feet snap down together after rotation. Arms swing upward immediately on landing. Legs push forcefully off the floor. The body rises into a straight backward flip. Legs remain extended without hip bend. Core

A front roll is a forward rolling movement on the floor. The gymnast begins standing with arms raised. Knees bend to lower toward the mat. Hands place firmly on the floor surface. The chin tucks gently toward the chest. The body rolls over the upper back. Hips lift during the rolling action. Legs follow smoothly

A dive roll is a forward roll entered from a jump. The gymnast runs or steps into momentum. Arms swing forward to prepare takeoff. Feet push strongly off the floor surface. The body dives forward through the air. Arms reach out toward the mat. Hands contact the floor first. The body transitions into a forward

A back roll is a backward rolling movement on the floor. The gymnast begins in a standing or squatting position. Knees bend to lower the body. The gymnast sits back toward the mat. Hips touch the floor first. The body rolls backward over the spine. Hands move beside the ears quickly. Palms press firmly against

A handstand forward roll is a roll starting from vertical handstand. The gymnast first achieves a straight handstand position. Arms remain locked and shoulders elevated. The body stays tight and aligned vertically. The gymnast tucks the chin toward the chest. Shoulders lean slightly forward to begin motion. Hips shift past the hands carefully. The body

A front handspring step-out is a forward handspring landing one foot first. The gymnast begins with a hurdle into takeoff. Arms swing upward to generate lift. Feet punch strongly off the floor surface. Hands reach forward to contact the mat. Straight arms support body weight briefly. Legs kick over the body quickly. The torso passes

A side walkover is a sideways movement passing through a bridge. The gymnast begins standing sideways to direction of travel. One leg lifts upward into the air. Hands place on the floor beside the body. The body arches into a bridge position. The lifted leg passes overhead first. The second leg pushes from the floor.

A back handspring step-out is a backward jump landing one foot first. The gymnast bends knees to prepare takeoff. Arms swing backward then upward quickly. Legs push strongly off the floor. The body travels backward through the air. Hands reach behind to contact the floor. Straight arms support body weight briefly. Legs snap over the

A front aerial is a forward no hand flipping skill. The gymnast begins with strong forward momentum. One leg drives powerfully upward. The body leaves the floor without hand support. Legs extend in a split during rotation. The torso rotates forward over the leading leg. Core muscles control rotation speed. Arms guide balance during flight.

A cartwheel step-out is a cartwheel landing one foot at a time. The gymnast steps forward into the entry. Hands reach toward the floor surface. The first hand plants firmly for support. The second hand follows quickly. Legs kick upward into a wide split. The body passes upside down during rotation. One leg lowers toward

A scissor leap is a traveling leap with quick leg exchange. The gymnast begins with one leg forward. The back leg pushes strongly off the floor. The front leg lifts upward into the air. Legs switch positions midair rapidly. Both legs pass through a split shape. Knees remain straight during movement. Toes point for clean

A wolf turn is a turning skill performed from a low squat. The gymnast lowers into a deep squat position. One leg extends forward straight. The other leg stays bent beneath the body. Arms extend outward for balance. The body begins rotating around the supporting foot. Core muscles control turning speed. The torso stays lifted

A back split leap is a leap emphasizing backward leg extension. The gymnast steps forward to prepare takeoff. The back leg drives strongly upward behind the body. The front leg lifts slightly forward. Legs extend into a split position in air. Knees stay straight during the leap. Toes point to enhance clean lines. Arms move

A split mount is an entry onto equipment using a split position. The gymnast approaches the apparatus with controlled steps. Arms lift upward to prepare for takeoff. One leg drives upward into a front split. The back leg extends strongly behind the body. Hips rise above the apparatus surface. Hands may briefly guide balance during

A front split leap is a traveling leap with front and back leg separation. The gymnast steps forward into a strong takeoff. The front leg lifts high into the air. The back leg pushes forcefully from the floor. Legs extend into a full front split midair. Knees remain straight during flight. Toes point to create

A switch half is a leap that switches legs and adds a half turn. The gymnast begins with one leg leading forward. The back leg pushes strongly off the floor. The front leg lifts high into the air. Legs switch positions quickly during flight. Both legs extend into a split shape. A 180 degree turn

A full turn is a complete 360 degree rotation in place. The gymnast begins from a balanced stance. Shoulders initiate the spin direction. Hips and legs rotate together smoothly. Arms adjust to control speed. Core muscles maintain upright posture. The body completes one full circle. Feet stay close to original position. Eyes focus briefly to

A half turn is a 180 degree rotation on floor or apparatus. The gymnast begins from a stable position. Shoulders initiate the turning movement. Hips follow in the same direction. Legs remain straight during rotation. Core muscles stabilize the body. Arms adjust to maintain balance. The body rotates halfway around. Feet reposition to complete the

A back layout step-out is a straight backward flip landing one foot at a time. The gymnast begins with strong upward jump. Arms swing upward to create lift. The body remains straight during rotation. Legs stay extended without bending hips. Core muscles maintain tight alignment. Shoulders guide smooth backward motion. Height allows controlled rotation completion.

A twist dismount is an exit that includes body rotation. The gymnast builds momentum before leaving the apparatus. Hands or feet push forcefully during takeoff. The body lifts upward into the air. Shoulders initiate twisting motion. Hips and legs turn together with shoulders. Core muscles control spin speed. The gymnast may also flip while twisting.

A straddle dismount is an exit with legs spread apart. The gymnast pushes strongly from the apparatus surface. The body rises upward into flight. Legs open wide in a straddle position. Knees stay straight during airborne phase. Core muscles stabilize hip position. The body rotates forward or backward. Arms guide direction and balance. Eyes track

A piked dismount is an exit with hips bent sharply. The gymnast pushes strongly off the apparatus. The body lifts upward before rotating. Hips fold forward while legs stay straight. Knees remain locked during the pike position. Core muscles control rotation speed. Arms guide balance throughout flight. The body rotates backward or forward. Eyes locate

A front dismount is an exit skill moving forward off equipment. The gymnast builds forward momentum before takeoff. Hands or feet push strongly from the apparatus surface. The body rises upward into the air. Forward rotation begins immediately after release. Legs remain tight during flight. The gymnast may tuck or pike midair. Core muscles regulate

A layout dismount is a straight body exit from equipment. The gymnast initiates takeoff with strong upward lift. Hands or feet leave the apparatus firmly. The body remains straight during rotation. Legs stay together without bending. Core muscles hold tight alignment in air. Shoulders guide smooth flipping motion. Height becomes essential for safe landing. Arms

A back dismount is an exit skill moving backward off equipment. The gymnast prepares with controlled backward momentum. Hands or feet push strongly from the apparatus. The body lifts upward before rotating backward. Shoulders drive powerfully during takeoff phase. Legs stay tight during flight. The gymnast may tuck or remain straight. Core muscles control rotation

A handstand pirouette is a turn performed while balancing in handstand. The gymnast begins in a straight vertical handstand. Shoulders shift slightly to start the rotation. One hand briefly lifts to allow turning movement. The body rotates around the supporting arm. Legs stay straight and squeezed together. Core muscles maintain tight vertical alignment. The turn

Front support is a position holding body above equipment on hands. The gymnast places hands on the apparatus surface. Arms remain straight and locked. Shoulders stay slightly forward of hands. Legs extend straight behind the body. Toes point for clean form. Core muscles hold body alignment. The chest stays lifted during hold. Hips remain level

Back support is a position holding the body above equipment facing upward. The gymnast places hands behind the hips on the apparatus. Arms stay straight and locked during the hold. Shoulders press down to lift the torso higher. Legs extend straight in front of the body. Toes point to create a clean line. Hips remain

A parallel bars swing is a controlled swinging motion on bars. The gymnast supports body weight on straight arms. Legs remain straight and together. The body swings forward between the bars. Momentum carries the body backward again. Shoulders guide smooth rhythm. Core muscles maintain tight alignment. Hips rise slightly during backward phase. Consistent tempo prevents

L grip is a bar hold with palms facing upward. The gymnast grips the bar underhand. Wrists rotate inward during this hold. Arms remain straight during skills. Shoulders adjust to support body weight. Core muscles stabilize swinging motion. The grip changes swing direction slightly. It supports certain release elements. Strong forearm strength improves control. Judges

A double flyaway is a dismount with two backward flips. The gymnast swings strongly beneath the bar. Shoulders drive upward before release. Hands let go at peak height. The body rises into backward rotation. Knees pull tightly toward the chest. The first backward rotation completes quickly. Rotation continues into a second flip. Eyes locate the

Eagle grip is a bar hold with hands turned outward. The gymnast grasps the bar with palms facing forward. Thumbs wrap under the bar securely. Wrists rotate outward for this position. Arms stay straight during support or swing. Shoulders adjust to maintain alignment. Core muscles stabilize body position. The grip changes arm angle slightly. It

A flyaway is a backward flipping dismount from the bar. The gymnast swings backward under the bar. Shoulders drive upward during release. Hands let go at peak momentum. The body lifts into backward rotation. Knees may tuck during flip. Core muscles control rotation speed. Eyes search for the floor below. Legs extend before landing. Feet

A cast to handstand is a lift from support into handstand. The gymnast begins in front support on the bar. Shoulders lean slightly forward to prepare. Legs swing backward behind the body. Hips rise upward during the cast. Arms remain straight throughout movement. Core muscles tighten to control alignment. The body reaches vertical handstand position.

A dismount is the final skill leaving the apparatus. The gymnast prepares with controlled momentum. Hands release the equipment at the right moment. The body lifts into the air. A flip or twist may occur. Legs stay tight during flight. Eyes focus on the landing area. Arms guide balance before touchdown. Feet contact the mat

A kip is a swinging movement that lifts the body to support. The gymnast starts hanging from the bar. Legs swing forward in a hollow shape. The hips drive upward toward the bar. Feet move close to the hands. Arms pull strongly during the motion. The body rises above the bar surface. Hips contact near

A Healy twist is a turning handstand element on parallel bars. The gymnast begins in a handstand position. Shoulders shift slightly to start rotation. One hand briefly releases during the turn. The body rotates around one supporting arm. Legs remain straight and together. Core muscles stabilize the vertical line. The gymnast completes a full turn

A giant swing is a full rotation around a bar with straight body. The gymnast hangs with arms fully extended. The body swings beneath the bar smoothly. Legs remain straight and together. Hips rise upward toward vertical position. The body passes over the bar completely. Shoulders rotate through full circle motion. Strong grip keeps hands

A Stalder is a circling bar skill performed with legs straddled. The gymnast supports body weight on straight arms. Legs open wide in a straddle position. Hips circle around the bar in a smooth motion. The body stays close to the bar surface. Strong shoulders guide the circular path. Core muscles control hip lift during

A back giant is a full backward rotation around a bar. The gymnast hangs with straight arms on the bar. The body swings backward under the bar. Legs stay straight and together. Hips rise upward toward vertical alignment. The body passes over the top of the bar. Shoulders rotate fully during motion. Strong grip maintains

A front giant is a full forward rotation around a bar. The gymnast hangs from the bar with straight arms. The body swings forward under the bar. Legs stay together and extended. Hips rise upward toward vertical position. The body passes over the top of the bar. Shoulders rotate fully during motion. Strong grip maintains

A straddle mount is an entry onto an apparatus with legs apart. The gymnast jumps upward toward the equipment. Hands support body weight during lift. Legs open into a wide straddle position. Hips rise above the apparatus surface. The gymnast clears the equipment with legs spread. Feet land securely on or over the apparatus. Arms

A press handstand is a controlled lift into handstand without jumping. The gymnast starts with hands on the floor. Legs remain straight during the lift. Hips rise slowly above shoulder level. Strong shoulders support body weight. Core muscles engage to control movement. Legs lift together in a smooth motion. The body reaches a vertical handstand

A handspring mount is an entry onto an apparatus using a handspring. The gymnast begins with forward momentum. Hands contact the apparatus surface firmly. Legs kick over the body quickly. The body passes through an inverted position. Strong shoulder push lifts the torso upward. Feet land on the apparatus with control. Arms extend to stabilize

A pommel horse flare is a wide circular leg swing variation. The gymnast supports body weight on straight arms. Legs spread apart in a straddle position. Hips travel in a large circular path. Legs swing high and wide around the horse. Hands shift smoothly during rotation. Strong shoulders maintain continuous support. The torso stays lifted

A pommel horse circle is a continuous leg swing around the apparatus. The gymnast supports body weight on straight arms. Legs stay together and extended during motion. Hips move in a circular path around the horse. Hands shift positions to maintain rhythm. Strong shoulders support constant body weight. The torso remains lifted above the apparatus.

A pommel horse scissor is a swinging leg movement over the horse. The gymnast supports body weight on hands. One leg swings forward while the other swings backward. Legs move in opposite directions during motion. Hips lift slightly above the apparatus. The gymnast shifts weight between hands. Strong shoulders keep the body stable. Legs pass

A vault run is the sprint toward the vault apparatus. The gymnast accelerates quickly down the runway. Arms pump strongly to build speed. Strides stay long and powerful. The body leans slightly forward. Eyes focus on the springboard ahead. Speed increases before board contact. Strong run creates more vault height. Controlled steps prepare for precise

The vault table is the padded platform used for vaulting skills. Gymnasts place their hands on the table during vault execution. The table stands at a set height for competition. Its surface provides grip and stability for hand contact. A curved top helps support strong blocking action. Gymnasts push forcefully through their shoulders on contact.

A Tsukahara is a vault entry with half turn onto the table. The gymnast runs toward the springboard quickly. A quarter or half turn occurs before table contact. Hands place on the vault table firmly. The body passes through inverted position. Shoulders push strongly off the table. The gymnast flips backward off the surface. Twists

A Yurchenko is a vault entry using a roundoff onto the board. The gymnast runs quickly toward the vault area. A roundoff onto the springboard creates backward momentum. Hands reach back to the vault table. The body passes through a handstand position. Shoulders push strongly off the table surface. The gymnast flips backward off the

A Barani is a front flip with a half twist. The gymnast jumps forward into the air. Arms swing upward to create lift. Legs push strongly off the floor surface. The body begins a forward rotation. A half twist occurs during the flip. The gymnast turns to face opposite direction. Knees may tuck during rotation.

A layout twist is a straight body flip with rotation. The gymnast keeps legs straight during flipping motion. Arms stay close to guide the twist. The body remains extended without hip bend. Strong core muscles control both flip and spin. Shoulders initiate the twisting action. The gymnast rotates backward or forward. Eyes spot the floor

An Arabian is a forward landing flip from backward takeoff. The gymnast begins with a backward jump. A half twist occurs at takeoff. The body turns to face forward midair. The flip continues in forward direction. Knees pull toward the chest tightly. Strong core muscles control rotation. The gymnast completes a forward rotation. Eyes search

A full twist is one complete 360 degree spin in air. The gymnast rotates fully around the vertical axis. Arms pull inward to increase spin speed. Shoulders and hips turn together. The body may flip while twisting. Strong core muscles maintain alignment. The gymnast tracks the floor visually. Legs stay tight during rotation. Arms open

A twist in gymnastics is a rotation around the body vertical axis. The gymnast spins while flipping or jumping. Shoulders and hips turn in the same direction. Arms guide the turning motion in air. Strong core muscles control spin speed. The body may remain straight or tucked. The twist can occur forward or backward. The

A double back is a backward flip with two full rotations. The gymnast starts with a strong upward jump. Arms swing upward to generate lift. Legs push forcefully off the floor surface. The body rises before rotating backward. Knees pull tightly toward the chest. The body completes one full backward rotation. Rotation continues into a

A double front is a forward flip with two full rotations. The gymnast begins with a powerful upward jump. Arms swing upward to create lift. Legs drive forcefully off the floor surface. The body rises before rotating forward. Knees pull tightly toward the chest. The body completes one full forward rotation. Rotation continues into a

A roundoff back handspring is a connected backward tumbling combination. The gymnast begins with a forward running approach. A roundoff creates strong backward rebound momentum. Feet snap down together after the roundoff. Arms swing quickly upward to prepare next skill. Legs push powerfully off the floor surface. The body jumps backward into a back handspring.

A roundoff back tuck in gymnastics is a connected tumbling combination. The gymnast starts with a forward run. A roundoff creates backward momentum and rebound. Feet snap down together after the roundoff. Arms swing upward immediately after landing. Legs push strongly off the floor surface. The body rises into a back tuck. Knees pull tightly

A front walkover in gymnastics is a forward movement passing through a bridge. The gymnast begins in a forward lunge stance. Hands reach down to the floor. The front leg kicks upward strongly. The body passes through a handstand position. Legs split apart in the air. The first leg lowers toward the floor. The second

A side aerial in gymnastics is a no hand sideways flip. The gymnast begins with a strong side step. Arms swing upward to build momentum. One leg drives high into the air. The body leaves the floor sideways. Legs extend in a split during rotation. No hands touch the floor at any point. The torso

A back walkover in gymnastics is a backward movement passing through a bridge. The gymnast starts standing with arms overhead. One leg lifts backward into the air. The body arches into a bridge position. Hands contact the floor behind the body. The lifted leg continues moving overhead. The second leg pushes off the floor. Legs

A back extension roll in gymnastics is a backward roll finishing to standing. The gymnast starts standing with arms raised. Knees bend to lower into a squat. Hands reach backward toward the floor. The body rolls onto the shoulders smoothly. Legs extend upward during the roll. Hands press firmly against the floor. Strong shoulder push

A front extension roll in gymnastics is a forward roll finishing to standing. The gymnast begins standing with arms overhead. Knees bend slightly before lowering forward. Hands place firmly on the floor. The head tucks gently toward the chest. The body rolls over the upper back. Legs extend upward during the roll. Hands press against

A switch leap in gymnastics is a leap where legs switch in midair. The gymnast begins with one leg leading forward. The back leg pushes strongly off the floor. The front leg lifts upward into the air. Legs quickly change positions during flight. The front leg moves backward as the other moves forward. Both legs

A toe touch in gymnastics is a jump with legs lifted toward the hands. The gymnast stands upright before takeoff. Arms swing downward then upward quickly. Feet push strongly off the floor surface. Legs snap open sideways in the air. Knees remain straight during the jump. The torso leans slightly forward. Hands reach toward the

A split leap in gymnastics is a traveling leap with legs split front and back. The gymnast steps forward into a strong takeoff. One leg pushes off the floor forcefully. The other leg drives upward in front. Legs open into a straight front split in the air. Knees stay straight throughout the leap. Toes point

A wolf jump in gymnastics is a jump from a deep squat position. The gymnast bends knees into a low squat. Arms swing upward to start the jump. Feet push explosively off the floor surface. The body rises while one leg stays bent. The other leg extends straight forward. Hips remain low during the airborne

A straddle jump in gymnastics is a jump with legs spread wide sideways. The gymnast pushes strongly off the floor with both feet. Legs snap open into a wide side split position. Knees stay straight during the entire airborne phase. Toes point outward to show clean form. Arms usually swing forward to help lift. The

A pike in gymnastics is a bent hip body position. The gymnast keeps legs straight while folding forward. Hips close sharply toward the thighs. Arms reach toward shins or forward. The back stays flat during the fold. Knees remain straight throughout position. Toes point for clean appearance. The shape appears in jumps and flips. Strong

A layout in gymnastics is a straight body flipping position. The gymnast keeps legs straight during rotation. Arms stay extended near the ears. The body remains tight without bending hips. Strong core muscles maintain straight alignment. Legs squeeze together throughout the flip. Toes point sharply for clean form. The gymnast rotates forward or backward in

A back tuck in gymnastics is a backward flipping jump without hands. The gymnast starts standing with knees bent slightly. Arms swing backward to prepare for jump. Legs push strongly off the floor surface. The body travels upward before rotating backward. Knees pull tightly toward the chest. Hands grab shins briefly during rotation. The body

A front tuck in gymnastics is a forward flipping jump without hands. The gymnast begins with a hurdle or small run. Arms swing upward to generate lift. Feet push forcefully off the floor surface. The body rises before rotating forward. Knees pull tightly toward the chest. Hands wrap around shins during rotation. The body spins

An aerial in gymnastics is a no hand cartwheel or flip. The gymnast rotates sideways or backward without hand support. Strong leg drive creates initial lift. Arms swing upward to generate momentum. The body leaves the ground quickly. Hips rise high during takeoff phase. Legs extend into a split or straight position. The gymnast rotates

A front handspring in gymnastics is a forward jumping hand support skill. The gymnast begins with a strong running approach. Arms lift upward before takeoff. One foot punches off the floor forcefully. The body travels forward into the air. Hands reach forward toward the mat surface. Straight arms support body weight on contact. Legs kick

A roundoff in gymnastics is a turning cartwheel finishing with feet together. The gymnast begins with a forward running approach. Arms swing upward to prepare for takeoff. One foot steps into a lunge position. Hands reach down quickly toward the floor. The first hand contacts the floor straight ahead. The second hand plants and turns

A back handspring in gymnastics is a backward jumping hand support skill. The gymnast starts standing with knees slightly bent. Arms swing backward to generate momentum. Hips sit back before explosive jump. Feet push strongly off the floor surface. The body travels backward through the air. Hands reach behind toward the floor. Straight arms absorb

A cartwheel in gymnastics is a sideways rotating movement on hands. The gymnast starts standing with arms raised overhead. One foot steps forward to begin momentum. Hands reach down toward the floor surface. The first hand touches down firmly for support. The second hand plants beside the first quickly. Legs kick upward into a wide

A handstand in gymnastics is a position balancing upside down on hands. The gymnast places both hands firmly on the floor surface. Straight arms support the entire body weight vertically. The body stays tight and fully extended upward. Legs remain together and point toward the ceiling. Core muscles tighten to prevent arching or bending. Shoulders